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arXiv2014

Coherent State Wave Functions on the Torus

In the study of the quantum Hall effect there are still many unresolved problems. One of these is how to generate representative wave functions for ground states on other geometries than the planar and spherical. We study one such geometry, the toroidal one, where the periodic boundary conditions must be properly taken into account. As a tool to study the torus we investigate the properties of various types of localized states, similar to the coherent states of the harmonic oscillator, which are maximally localized in phase space. We consider two alternative definitions of localized states in the lowest Landau level (LLL) on a torus. One is the projection of the coordinate delta function onto the LLL. Another definition, proposed by Haldane & Rezayi, is to consider the set of functions which have all their zeros at a single point. Since all LLL wave functions on a torus, are uniquely defined by the position of their zeros, this defines a set of functions that are expected to be localized around the point maximally far away from the zeros. These two families of localized states have many properties in common with the coherent states on the plane and on the sphere, e.g. a simple resolution of unity and a simple self-reproducing kernel. However, we show that only the projected delta function is maximally localized. We find that because of modular covariance, there are severe restrictions on which wave functions that are acceptable on the torus. As a result, we can write down a trial wave function for the $ν=\frac{2}{5}$ state, that respects the modular covariance, and has good numerical overlap with the exact coulomb ground state. Finally we present preliminary calculations of the antisymmetric component of the viscosity tensor for the proposed, modular covariant, $ν=\frac{2}{5}$ state, and find that it is in agreement with theoretical predictions.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Do dipole correlations exist in two-dimensional spin ice?

Here we study the statistical properties of two-dimensional spin ice in its ground state by the Monte Carlo simulation method. Using a new sampling algorithm, we show that the short-range ice rule in two dimensions gives rise to long-range but not dipole-like correlations, to non-Gaussian probability density function for magnetization and to non-extensive conditional entropy (entropy with given value of magnetization).

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2014

Generalized particle/hole cumulant approximation for the electron Green's function

The cumulant expansion is a powerful approach for including correlation effects in electronic structure calculations beyond the GW approximation. However, current implementations are incomplete since they ignore terms that lead to partial occupation numbers and satellites both above and below the Fermi energy. These limitations are corrected here with a generalized cumulant approximation that includes both particle and hole contributions within a retarded Green's function formalism. The computational effort is still comparable to GW, and the method can be extended easily to finite temperature. The approach is illustrated with calculations for the homogeneous electron gas and comparisons to experiment and other methods.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

EuNiGe3, an equal moment anisotropic antiferromagnet

Single crystals of EuNiGe$_3$ crystallizing in the non-centrosymmetric BaNiSn$_3$-type structure have been grown using In flux, enabling us to explore the anisotropic magnetic properties which was not possible with previously reported polycrystalline samples. The EuNiGe$_3$ single crystalline sample is found to order antiferromagnetically at 13.2 K as revealed from the magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and electrical resistivity data. The low temperature magnetization M(H) is distinctly different for field parallel to ${ab}$-plane and $c$-axis; the ${ab}$-plane magnetization varies nearly linearly with field before the occurrence of an induced ferromagnetic phase (spin-flip) at 6.2 Tesla; on the other hand M(H) along the $c$-axis is accompanied by two metamagnetic transitions followed by a spin-flip at 4.1 T. A model including anisotropic exchange and dipole-dipole interactions reproduces the main features of magnetization plots but falls short of full representation. (H,T) phase diagrams have been constructed for the field applied along the principal directions. From the $^{151}$Eu Mössbauer spectra, we determine that the 13.2 K transition leads to an incommensurate antiferromagnetic intermediate phase followed by a transition near 10.5 K to a commensurate antiferromagnetic configuration.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Dimensional crossover in layered $f$-electron superlattices

Motivated by the remarkable experimental realizations of $f$-electron superlattices, e.g. CeIn$_3$/LaIn$_3$- and CeCoIn$_5$/YbCoIn$_5$- superlattices, we analyze the formation of heavy electrons in layered $f$-electron superlattices by means of the dynamical mean field theory. We show that the spectral function exhibits formation of heavy electrons in the entire system below a temperature scale $T_0$. However, in terms of transport, two different coherence temperatures $T_x$ and $T_z$ are identified in the in-plane- and the out-of-plane-resistivity, respectively. Remarkably, we find $T_z < T_x \sim T_0$ due to scatterings between different reduced Brillouin zones. The existence of these two distinct energy scales implies a crossover in the dimensionality of the heavy electrons between two and three dimensions as temperature or layer geometry is tuned. This dimensional crossover would be responsible for the characteristic behaviors in the magnetic and superconducting properties observed in the experiments.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Kondo impurity between superconducting and metallic reservoir: the flow equation approach

It is well established that a correlated quantum impurity embedded in a metallic host can form the many-body Kondo state with itinerant electrons due to the effective antiferromagnetic coupling. Such effect is manifested spectroscopically by a narrow Abrikosov-Suhl peak appearing at the Fermi level below a characteristic temperature T_K. Recent experiments using nanoscopic heterojunctions where the correlated quantum impurities (dots) are coupled to superconducting reservoirs revealed that the Kondo-type correlations are substantially weaker because: i) the single-particle states of superconductors are depleted around the Fermi level and ii) the on-dot pairing (proximity effect) competes with the spin ordering. Within the Anderson impurity scenario we study here influence of such induced on-dot paring on the exchange interaction adopting the continuous unitary transformation, which goes beyond the perturbative framework. Our analytical and numerical results show strong detrimental influence of the electron pairing on the effective antiferromagnetic coupling thereby suppressing the Kondo temperature in agreement with the experimental observations.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Thermodynamic Properties of the Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate ZnCu$_{3}$(OH)$_{6}$Cl$_{2}$ in High Magnetic Fields

We report measurements of the specific heat and magnetization of single crystal samples of the spin-1/2 kagome compound ZnCu$_{3}$(OH)$_{6}$Cl$_{2}$ (herbertsmithite), a promising quantum spin-liquid candidate, in high magnetic fields and at low temperatures. The magnetization was measured up to $μ_{0}H$ = 55 T at $T$ = 0.4 K, showing a saturation of the weakly interacting impurity moments in fields above $\sim10$ T. The specific heat was measured down to $T < 0.4$ K in magnetic fields up to 18 T, revealing $T$-linear and $T$-squared contributions. The $T$-linear contribution is surprisingly large and indicates the presence of gapless excitations in large applied fields. These results further highlight the unusual excitation spectrum of the spin liquid ground state of herbertsmithite.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Iridium Orbital Crossover at the Structural Phase Transition in Ca10(Ir4As8)(Fe2-xIrxAs2)5

We report a structural transition found in Ca10(Ir4As8)(Fe2-xIrxAs2)5, which exhibits superconductivity at 16 K, with a layer of divalent iridium coordinated by arsenic in between Fe2As2 layers. The c-axis parameter is doubled below a structural transition temperature of approximately 100 K, while the tetragonal symmetry with space group P4/n (No.85) is unchanged at all temperatures measured. Our synchrotron x-ray diffraction study clearly shows displacements along the z-direction occur in half of the iridium sites, resulting in a complex orbital ordering pattern. Combining our theoretical calculation of the 5d orbital energies with structural data, we propose the iridium orbital crossover transition between the dxy and dz2 orbitals.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2014

Phase Diagram of Micron-Size Bridges of SrTiO$_3/$LaAlO$_3$ Interface: Link Between Multiple Band Structure and Superconductivity

The rich phase diagram of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the \STO/\LAO interface is probed using Hall and longitudinal resistivity. Thanks to a special bridge design we are able to tune through the superconducting transition temperature T$_c$ and to mute superconductivity by either adding or removing carriers in a gate bias range of a few volts. Hall signal measurements pinpoint the onset of population of a second mobile band right at the carrier concentration where maximum superconducting T$_c$ and critical field H$_c$ occur. These results emphasize the advantages of our design, which can be applied to many other two dimensional systems assembled on top of a dielectric substrate with high permittivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2014

Coexistence of localized and itinerant magnetism in newly discovered iron-selenide superconductor LiFeO2Fe2Se2

The electronic structure and magnetism of LiFeO$_{2}$Fe$_{2}$Se$_{2}$ are investigated using the first-principle calculations. The ground state is N$\acute{e}$el antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulating state for Fe1 with localized magnetism in LiFeO$_{2}$ layer and striped AFM metallic state for Fe2 with itinerant magnetism in Fe$_{2}$Se$_{2}$ layer, accompanied with a weak interlayer AFM coupling between Fe1 and Fe2 ions, resulting in a coexistence of localized and itinerant magnetism. Moreover, the layered LiFeO$_{2}$ is found to be more than an insulating block layer but responsible for enhanced AFM correlation in Fe$_{2}$Se$_{2}$ layer through the interlayer magnetic coupling. The interplay between the magnetisms of Fe1 and Fe2 introduces a control mechanism for spin fluctuations associated with superconductivity in iron-based superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2014

Controlled non-Fermi liquids from spacetime dependent couplings

We construct perturbatively controlled non-Fermi liquids in 3+1 spacetime dimensions, using mild power-law translation breaking interactions. Our mechanism balances the leading tree level effects from such gradients against quantum effects from the interaction between the Fermi surface and a critical boson. We exhibit this in a model where finite density fermions interact with a scalar field via a Yukawa coupling of the form $g(x)\propto |x|^κ$. The approximate non-Fermi liquid behavior arises in the limit of small $κ$ and persists over an exponentially large window of scales, being cut off by the regime where the coupling becomes large, or by superconducting instabilities. The translation breaking coupling introduces anisotropic deformations of the Fermi surface depending on the direction of the gradient. An extension of this mechanism to 2+1 dimensions could provide a strongly translation-breaking, but weakly coupled non-fermi liquid, something we leave for further work.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Measurement of junction conductance and proximity effect at superconductor/semiconductor junctions

The superconducting proximity effect has played an important role in recent work searching for Majorana modes in thin semiconductor devices. Using transport measurements to quantify the changes in the semiconductor caused by the proximity effect provides a measure of dynamical processes such as screening and scattering. However, in a two terminal measurement the resistance due to the interface conductance is in series with resistance of transport in the semiconductor. Both of these change, and it is impossible to separate them without more information. We have devised a new three terminal device that provides two resistance measurements that are sufficient to extract both the junction conductance and the two dimensional sheet resistance under the superconducting contact. We have compared junctions between Nb and InAs and Nb and 30% InGaAs all grown before being removed from the ultra high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy growth system. The most transparent junctions are to InAs, where the transmission coefficient per Landauer mode is greater than 0.6. Contacts made with ex-situ deposition are substantially more opaque. We find that for the most transparent junctions, the largest fractional change as the temperature is lowered is to the resistance of the semiconductor.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2014

Antiferromagnetic Exchange, Hund's Coupling and the Origin of the Charge Gap in LaMnPO

We present inelastic neutron scattering and magnetization measurements of the antiferromagnetic insulator LaMnPO that are well described by a Heisenberg spin model. These measurements are consistent with the presence of two-dimensional magnetic correlations up to a temperature T$_{max}$ $\approx$ 700 K >> T$_{N}$ = 375 K, the Néel temperature. Optical transmission measurements show the T = 300 K direct charge gap $Δ$ = 1 eV has decreased only marginally by 500 K and suggest it decreases by only 10% at T$_{max}$. Density functional theory and dynamical mean field theory calculations reproduce a direct charge gap in paramagnetic LaMnPO only when a strong Hund's coupling J$_{H}$ = 0.9 eV is included, as well as onsite Hubbard U = 8 eV. These results show the direct charge gap in LaMnPO is rather insensitive to antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and instead is a result of the local physics governed by U and J$_{H}$.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Giant Interaction-Induced Gap and Electronic Phases in Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene

Due to their unique electron dispersion and lack of a Fermi surface, Coulomb interactions in undoped two-dimensional Dirac systems, such as single, bi- and tri-layer graphene, can be marginal or relevant. Relevant interactions can result in spontaneous symmetry breaking, which is responsible for a large class of physical phenomena ranging from mass generation in high energy physics to correlated states such as superconductivity and magnetism in condensed matter. Here, using transport measurements, we show that rhombohedral-stacked trilayer graphene (r-TLG) offers a simple, yet novel and tunable, platform for study of various phases with spontaneous or field-induced broken symmetries. Here, we show that, contrary to predictions by tight-binding calculations, rhombohedral-stacked trilayer graphene (r-TLG) is an intrinsic insulator, with a giant interaction-induced gap Δ~42meV. This insulating state is a spontaneous layer antiferromagnetic with broken time reversal symmetry, and can be suppressed by increasing charge density n, an interlayer potential, a parallel magnetic field, or a critical temperature Tc~38K. This gapped collective state can be explored for switches with low input power and high on/off ratio.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2014

CPA for strongly correlated systems: Electronic structure and magnetic properties of NiO-ZnO solid solutions

The method of electronic structure calculations for strongly correlated disordered materials is developed employing the basic idea of coherent potential approximation (CPA). Evolution of electronic structure and spin magnetic moment value with concentration $x$ in strongly correlated Ni$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$O solid solutions is investigated in the frame of this method. The obtained values of energy gap and magnetic moment are in agreement with the available experimental data.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Comment on Microscopic magnetic modeling for the S = 1/2 alternating chain compounds Na3Cu2SbO6 and Na2Cu2TeO6 (arXiv:1402.1091)

In a recent paper by Schmitt et al. (arXiv:1402.1091), signs of two exchange interactions of one-dimensional alternating chains in distorted honeycomb systems of Na3Cu2SbO6 and Na2Cu2TeO6 are argued by theoretical calculations. Although the authors report that they have clarified that the interaction J1a is ferromagnetic between the spins within a structural dimer, and J1b is antiferromagnetic between these dimers, these results have been known for a long time by our two papers, which are cited by Schmitt et al.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2014

Probing anisotropy in a new noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd

Strength of Rashba type antisymmetric spin orbit coupling has the crucial effect on superconducting and normal state properties in noncentrosymmetric (NCS) superconductors. This can be seen on various anisotropic properties of the system. For a system with lowered crystalline symmetry as in noncentrosymmetric crystals, the superconducting pairing state can have correlation to the normal state properties. In our earlier work we have shown that alfa-BiPd which has a monoclinic (P_21) structure with the absence of the centre of inversion exhibits bulk superconductivity at 3.8 K. In order to understand the role of spin-orbit scattering, we have studied the anisotropic properties of high quality single crystal (RRR 170) of NCS BiPd by measuring magnetic susceptibility, electrical transport from 1.8 K to 300 K and isothermal M_H loop (1.8 K to 3.8 K) in the superconducting state for <010> and <100> crystallographic directions respectively. Moderate anisotropy up to 30 % has been found in the electrical transport possibly indicating significant Rashba type antisymmetric spin orbit coupling present in alfa-BiPd.

cond-mat.supr-con↗