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The feeling of good or bad luck occurs whenever there is an emotion contrast between an event and an easily accessible counterfactual alternative. This study suggests that cognitive simplicity plays a key role in the human ability to experience good and bad luck after the occurrence of an event.
Though the ability of human beings to deal with probabilities has been put into question, the assessment of rarity is a crucial competence underlying much of human decision-making and is pervasive in spontaneous narrative behaviour. This paper proposes a new model of rarity and randomness assessment, designed to be cognitively plausible. Intuitive randomness is defined as a function of structural complexity. It is thus possible to assign probability to events without being obliged to consider the set of alternatives. The model is tested on Lottery sequences and compared with subjects' preferences.
The advancement of technology facilitates explosive growth of mobile usage in the last decade. Numerous applications have been developed to support its usage. However, gap in technology exists in obtaining correct and trusted values for evaluation indexes of the precise amount of usage. The claims of loss in revenue by the service providers could be more due to unexpected behaviour of the hardware. A similar mistrust is often observed in the users of the services. A trustworthy subscription scheme is in demand for consumers whereas revenue needs to be assured of the service providers. Multiple Authorizations by Multiple Owners (MAMO) has already been introduced as a technology to build trust in the third party billing system. In this paper, MAMO is extended to ensure trustworthiness of the parameters for subscription. Along with call transaction data are reconciled to assure the proper revenue generation.
This paper describes the design of a differential class-E PA for Bluetooth applications in 0.18um CMOS technology with load mismatch protection and power control features. The breakdown induced by load mismatch can be avoided by attenuating the RF power to the final stage during over voltage conditions. Power control is realized by means of "open loop" techniques to regulate the power supply voltage, and a novel controllable bias network with temperature compensated is proposed, which allows a moderate power control slope (dB/V) to be achieved. Post-layout Simulation results show that the level of output power can be controlled in 2dBm steps; especially the output power in every step is quite insensitive to temperature variations.
The term complexity derives etymologically from the Latin plexus, which means interwoven. Intuitively, this implies that something complex is composed by elements that are difficult to separate. This difficulty arises from the relevant interactions that take place between components. This lack of separability is at odds with the classical scientific method - which has been used since the times of Galileo, Newton, Descartes, and Laplace - and has also influenced philosophy and engineering. In recent decades, the scientific study of complexity and complex systems has proposed a paradigm shift in science and philosophy, proposing novel methods that take into account relevant interactions.
In this digital age organizations depend upon the technologies to provide customer-centric solutions by understanding well about their customers' behaviour and continuously improving business process of the organization. Business intelligence (BI) applications will play a vital role at this stage by discovering the knowledge hidden in internal as well as external sources. On the other hand, Knowledge Management (KM) will enhance the organisations performance by providing collaborative tools to learn, create and share the knowledge among the employees. The main intention of the BI is to enhance the employees' knowledge with information that allows them to make decisions to achieve its organisational strategies. However only twenty percent of data exist in structured form, majority of banks knowledge is in unstructured or minds of its employees. Organizations are needed to integrate KM with Knowledge which is discovered from data and information. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the need of business insiders in the process of knowledge discovery and distribution, to make BI more relevant to business of the bank. We have also discussed about the BI/KM applications in banking industry and provided a framework to integrate BI and KM in banking industry.
The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into fabrics of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it [1]. This research work is a mere effort for automated decision making during sports of most common interest leveraging ubiquitous computing. Primarily cricket has been selected for the first implementation of the idea. A positioning system is used for locating the objects moving in the field. Main objectives of the research are to help achieve the following goals. 1) Make Decisions where human eye can make error due to human limitations. 2) Simulate the Match activity during and after the game in a 3D computerized Graphics system. 3) Make various types of game and performance analysis of a certain team or a player.
The topic of this paper, competences needed for outsourcing, is organized by first providing a generic competence scheme, which is subsequently instantiated to the area of sourcing and outsourcing. Sourcing and outsourcing are positioned as different areas of activity, neither one of which is subsumed under the other one. It is argued that competences relevant for outsourcing are mainly community based rather than evidence based. Subjective ability and objective ability are distinguished as categories, together making up ability, which are distinct but not necessarily disjoint from competence. Conjectural ability is introduced as a form of subjective ability. A person's competence profile includes competences as well as abilities, including subjective ones. Competence assessment and acquisition as well as the impact of assessed competence on practical work is described. The analysis of competence and ability thus developed is used as standpoint from which to extract a specification of an audience for a theory of outsourcing, yet to be written. Moreover, it allows to formulate requirements for and in preparation of the development of an outsourcing theory. Formulating these requirements is done under the assumption that a person's awareness of a theory of outsourcing is expected to strengthen that person's outsourcing competence profile.
To model printing noise a binary noisy channel and a set of controlled gates are introduced. The channel input is an image created by a halftoning algorithm and its output is the printed picture. Using this channel robustness to noise between halftoning algorithms can be studied. We introduced relative entropy to describe immunity of the algorithm to noise and tested several halftoning algorithms.
Provided that there is no theoretical frame for complex engineered systems (CES) as yet, this paper claims that bio-inspired engineering can help provide such a frame. Within CES bio-inspired systems play a key role. The disclosure from bio-inspired systems and biological computation has not been sufficiently worked out, however. Biological computation is to be taken as the processing of information by living systems that is carried out in polynomial time, i.e., efficiently; such processing however is grasped by current science and research as an intractable problem (for instance, the protein folding problem). A remark is needed here: P versus NP problems should be well defined and delimited but biological computation problems are not. The shift from conventional engineering to bio-inspired engineering needs bring the subject (or problem) of computability to a new level. Within the frame of computation, so far, the prevailing paradigm is still the Turing-Church thesis. In other words, conventional engineering is still ruled by the Church-Turing thesis (CTt). However, CES is ruled by CTt, too. Contrarily to the above, we shall argue here that biological computation demands a more careful thinking that leads us towards hypercomputation. Bio-inspired engineering and CES thereafter, must turn its regard toward biological computation. Thus, biological computation can and should be taken as the ground for engineering complex non-linear systems. Biological systems do compute in terms of hypercomputation, indeed. If so, then the focus is not algorithmic or computational complexity but computation-beyond-the-Church-Turing-barrier. We claim that we need a new computational theory that encompasses biological processes wherein the Turing-Church thesis is but a particular case.
Smaller feature size, higher clock frequency and lower power consumption are of core concerns of today's nano-technology, which has been resulted by continuous downscaling of CMOS technologies. The resultant 'device shrinking' reduces the soft error tolerance of the VLSI circuits, as very little energy is needed to change their states. Safety critical systems are very sensitive to soft errors. A bit flip due to soft error can change the value of critical variable and consequently the system control flow can completely be changed which leads to system failure. To minimize soft error risks, a novel methodology is proposed to detect and recover from soft errors considering only 'critical code blocks' and 'critical variables' rather than considering all variables and/or blocks in the whole program. The proposed method shortens space and time overhead in comparison to existing dominant approaches.
Space and time are basic categories of any top-level ontology. They are fundamental assumptions for the mode of existence of those individuals which are said to be in space and time. In the present paper the ontology of space in the General Formal Ontology (GFO) is expounded. This ontology is represented as a theory BT (Brentano Theory), which is specified by a set of axioms formalized in first-order logic. This theory uses four primitive relations: SReg(x) (x is space region), spart(x, y) (x is spatial part of y), sb(x, y) (x is spatial boundary of y), and scoinc(x, y) (x and y spatially coincide). This ontology is inspired by ideas of Franz Brentano. The investigation and exploration of Franz Brentano's ideas on space and time began about twenty years ago by work of R.M. Chisholm, B. Smith and A. Varzi. The present paper takes up this line of research and makes a further step in establishing an ontology of space which is based on rigorous logical methods and on principles of the new philosophical approach of integrative realism.
For Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and System-on-Chip (SOC) designs, Cell - Based Design (CBD) is the most prevalent practice as it guarantees a shorter design cycle, minimizes errors and is easier to maintain. In modern ASIC design, standard cell methodology is practiced with sizable libraries of cells, each containing multiple implementations of the same logic functionality, in order to give the designer differing options based on area, speed or power consumption. For such library cells, thorough verification of functionality and timing is crucial for the overall success of the chip, as even a small error can prove fatal due to the repeated use of the cell in the design. Both formal and simulation based methods are being used in the industry for cell verification. We propose a method using the latter approach that generates an optimized set of test vectors for verification of sequential cells, which are guaranteed to give complete Single Input Change transition coverage with minimal redundancy. Knowledge of the cell functionality by means of the State Table is the only prerequisite of this procedure.
The creation of the systems models is very actual at present time, because it allow to simulate the work of some complex equipment without any additional spends. The given model of gas turbine is allowed to test and optimize the software for gas turbine automation systems, study station personal, like operators and engineers and will be useful for diagnostics and prediction tasks to analyze the efficiency of the gas turbine.
Supply Chain operation is an integrated business process starting from primary supplier to end user and the process produce products, services and information. A successful chain will explore technology, lean operations, and quality management by adding value for customers and stakeholders. It is a strategic alliance among the partnering enterprises without geographical boundary. Every chain has its own unique set of market demands and operating challenges. Retailing is one such service domain of Supply Chain vulnerable to bullwhip effects. Demand uncertainty is one of the root causes of Bullwhip effects. This paper calls for modeling of a demand driven multi-tier stochastic Retail Chain to work against the Bullwhip effect. The proposed model of the operational chain will ensure significant return of share to the retailer through the sophisticated transaction management, real-time inventory management and the ability to track all inventory movements.
An algorithm for Electric Power System (EPS) quantum/relativistic security and efficiency computation for a day-ahead via perturbative renormalization of the EPS, finding the computation flowcharts, verification and validation is built in this paper.
All over the world the peak demand load is increasing and the load factor is decreasing year-by-year. The fossil fuel is considered insufficient thus solar energy systems are becoming more and more useful, not only in terms of installation but monitoring of these systems is very crucial. Monitoring becomes very important when there are a large number of solar panels. Monitoring would allow early detection if the output falls below required level or one of the solar panel out of 1000 goes down. In this study the target is to monitor and control a developed solar panel by using available internet foundation. This web-enabled software will provide more flexibility over the system such as transmitting data from panel to the host computer and disseminating information to relevant stake holders barring any geographical barrier. The software would be built around web server with dynamic HTML and JAVA, this paper presents the preliminary design of the proposed system.
Instantaneous noise-based logic can avoid time-averaging, which implies significant potential for low-power parallel operations in beyond-Moore-law-chips. However, the universe (uniform superposition) will be zero with high probability (non-zero with exponentially low probability) in the random-telegraph-wave representation thus the operations with the universe would require exponential time-complexity. To fix this deficiency, we modify the amplitudes of the signals of the L and H states and achieve an exponential speedup compared to the old situation. Another improvement concerns the identification of a single product (hyperspace) state. We introduce a time shifted noise-based logic, which is constructed by shifting each reference signal with a small time delay. This modification implies an exponential speedup of single hyperspace vector identification compared to the former case and it requires the same, O(N) complexity as in quantum computing.