SEARCH · Searcharxiv
Search indexed arXiv papers on artificial intelligence, large language models, computer vision and robotics. Read source abstracts and follow links to arXiv.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
We give a geometric formulation of 3D incompressible Euler that contains the Eulerian and Lagrangian gauges as special cases. In the Lagrangian gauge, incompressible Euler is a real analytic ODE in Banach space; a short proof of this known result is given. We then describe (in a self-contained section) some basic properties of a hypothetical self-similar solution to 3D incompressible Euler.
In this paper, we provide a systematic analysis of some finite volume lattice Boltzmann schemes in two dimensions. A complete iteration cycle in time evolution of discretized distribution functions is formally divided into collision and propagation (streaming) steps. Considering mass and momentum conserving properties of the collision step, it becomes obvious that changes in the momentum of finite volume cells is just due to the propagation step. Details of the propagation step are discussed for different approximate schemes for the evaluation of fluxes at the boundaries of the finite volume cells. Moreover, a full Chapman-Enskog analysis is conducted allowing to recover the Navier-Stokes equation. As an important result of this analysis, the relation between the lattice Boltzmann relaxation time and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid is derived for each approximate flux evaluation scheme. In particular, it is found that the constant upwind scheme leads to a positive numerical viscosity while the central scheme as well as the linear upwind scheme are free of this artifact.
This chapter concerns "control volume analysis", the standard engineering tool for the analysis of flow systems, and its application to entropy balance calculations. Firstly, the principles of control volume analysis are enunciated and applied to flows of conserved quantities (e.g. mass, momentum, energy) through a control volume, giving integral (Reynolds transport theorem) and differential forms of the conservation equations. Several definitions of steady state are discussed. The concept of "entropy" is then established using Jaynes' maximum entropy method, both in general and in equilibrium thermodynamics. The thermodynamic entropy then gives the "entropy production" concept. Equations for the entropy production are then derived for simple, integral and infinitesimal flow systems. Some technical aspects are examined, including discrete and continuum representations of volume elements, the effect of radiation, and the analysis of systems subdivided into compartments. A Reynolds decomposition of the entropy production equation then reveals an "entropy production closure problem" in fluctuating dissipative systems: even at steady state, the entropy production based on mean flow rates and gradients is not necessarily in balance with the outward entropy fluxes based on mean quantities. Finally, a direct analysis of an infinitesimal element by Jaynes' maximum entropy method yields a theoretical framework with which to predict the steady state of a flow system. This is cast in terms of a "minimum flux potential" principle, which reduces, in different circumstances, to maximum or minimum entropy production (MaxEP or MinEP) principles. It is hoped that this chapter inspires others to attain a deeper understanding and higher technical rigour in the calculation and extremisation of the entropy production in flow systems of all types.
It is well known that the number of particles should be scaled up to enable industrial scale simulation. The calculations are more computationally intensive when the motion of the surrounding fluid is considered. Besides the advances in computer hardware and numerical algorithms, the coupling scheme also plays an important role on the computational efficiency. In this study, a particle immersed boundary method (PIBM) for simulating the fluid-particle multiphase flow was presented and assessed in both two- and three-dimensional applications. The idea behind PIBM derives from the conventional momentum exchange-based immersed boundary method (IBM) by treating each Lagrangian point as a solid particle. This treatment enables LBM to be coupled with fine particles residing within a particular grid cell. Compared with the conventional IBM, dozens of times speedup in two-dimensional simulation and hundreds of times in three-dimensional simulation can be expected under the same particle and mesh number. Numerical simulations of particle sedimentation in the Newtonian flows were conducted based on a combined lattice Boltzmann method - particle immersed boundary method - discrete element method scheme, showing that the PIBM can capture the feature of particulate flows in fluid and is indeed a promising scheme for the solution of the fluid-particle interaction problems.
The laboratory models of the human heart left ventricle developed in the last decades gave a valuable contribution to the comprehension of the role of the fluid dynamics in the cardiac function and to support the interpretation of the data obtained in vivo. Nevertheless, some questions are still open and new ones stem from the continuous improvements in the diagnostic imaging techniques. Many of these unresolved issues are related to the three-dimensional structure of the left-ventricular flow during the cardiac cycle. In this paper we investigated in detail this aspect using a laboratory model. The ventricle was simulated by a flexible sack varying its volume in time according to a physiologically shaped law. Velocities measured during several cycles on series of parallel planes, taken from two orthogonal points of view, were combined together in order to reconstruct the phase averaged, three-dimensional velocity field. During the diastole, three main steps are recognized in the evolution of the vortical structures: i) straight propagation in the direction of the long axis of a vortex-ring originated from the mitral orifice; ii) asymmetric development of the vortex-ring on an inclined plane; iii) single vortex formation. The analysis of three-dimensional data gives the experimental evidence of the reorganization of the flow in a single vortex persisting until the end of the diastole. This flow pattern seems to optimize the cardiac function since it directs velocity towards the aortic valve just before the systole and minimizes the fraction of blood residing within the ventricle for more cycles.
This note discusses basic properties of vorticity in groundwater flow theory. An evolution equation for the vorticity vector is derived to demonstrate that, when present, vorticity decreases very rapidly. In addition, it is shown how vorticity affects, though very little, the hydraulic head directional variation in the vicinity of a point.
In the above paper the authors treat the boundary layer flow along a stationary, vertical, permeable, flat plate within a vertical free stream. Fluid is sucked or injected through the vertical plate. The fluid species concentration at the plate is constant and different from that of the ambient fluid. It is also assumed that the plate is heated by convection from another fluid with constant temperature with a constant heat transfer coefficient. The temperature and species concentration difference between the plate and the ambient fluid creates buoyancy forces and the flow is characterized as mixed convection. The partial differential equations of the boundary layer flow (Eqs. 1-4 in their paper) are transformed and subsequently are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with a quasi-linearization technique. The quasi-linearization technique is a Newton-Raphson method. The results are presented in 12 figures.
The quasi-streamfunction (Psi) formalism proposed by Kim et. al. (J.W. Kim, K.J. Bai, R.C. Ertekin, W.C. Webster, J. Eng. Math. 40, 17 (2001)) provides a natural framework for systematically studying zero-vorticity waves over arbitrary bathymetry. The modified Psi-formalism developed here discards the original constraints of zero-vorticity by allowing for vertical vorticity which is the case of most interest for coastal dynamics. The problem is reformulated in terms of two dynamical equations on the boundary supplemented by one equation that represents a kinematic constraint in the interior of the domain. In this framework, the kinematic constraint can be solved to express Psi in terms of canonically-conjugated variables. The formalism is demonstrated for horizontally homogeneous flows over mild topography, where asymptotic formulations for the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian functions are derived based on the Helmholz-Hodge decomposition. For potential flows, the asymptotic form of the Hamiltonian is identical to previous results. The Lagrangian function is also expressed as an expansion in terms of the surface height and its time derivative and compared with Zakharov's formalism where agreement is found for one-dimensional wave scattering.
The principles of restricted superposition of circularly polarized arbitrary-amplitude waves for several hydrodynamic type models are illustrated systematically with helical representation in a unified sense. It is shown that the only general modes satisfying arbitrary-amplitude superposition to kill the generic nonlinearity are the mono-wavelength homochiral Beltrami mode and the one-dimensional-two-component stratified vorticity mode, which we call the XYz flow/wave; while, there are other special superposition principles for some specific cases. We try to remark on the possible connections with the geo- and/or astro-physical fluid and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence issues, such as the rotating turbulence, dynamo and solar atmosphere turbulence, especially with the introduction of disorder locally frozen in some (randomly distributed) space-time regions. Recent disagreements about exact solutions of Hall and fully two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics are also settled down by such a treatment. This work complements, by studying the modes which completely kill the triadic interactions or the nonlinearities, previous studies on the thermalization purely from the triadic interactions, and in turn offers alternative perspectives of the nonlinearities.
We consider a simplified model for the dynamics of one-dimensional detonations with generic losses. It consists of a single partial differential equation that reproduces, at a qualitative level, the essential properties of unsteady detonation waves, including pulsating and chaotic solutions. In particular, we investigate the effects of shock curvature and friction losses on detonation dynamics. To calculate steady-state solutions, a novel approach to solving the detonation eigenvalue problem is introduced that avoids the well-known numerical difficulties associated with the presence of a sonic point. By using unsteady numerical simulations of the simplified model, we also explore the nonlinear stability of steady-state or quasi-steady solutions.
It is shown how a complete set of hydrodynamic equations describing an unsteady three-dimensional viscous flow nearby a solid body, can be reduced to a closed system of surface equations using the method of dimension reduction of over-determined systems of differential equations. These systems of equations allow determining the surface distribution of the resulting stresses on the surface of this body as well as all other quantities characterizing the hydrodynamic flow around it.
In this paper, we propose and test an intuitive assumption that the pressure field in single conduits and networks of interconnected conduits adjusts itself to minimize the total energy consumption required for transporting a specific quantity of fluid. We test this assumption by using linear flow models of Newtonian fluids transported through rigid tubes and networks in conjunction with a simulated annealing (SA) protocol to minimize the total energy cost. All the results confirm our hypothesis as the SA algorithm produces very close results to those obtained from the traditional deterministic methods of identifying the flow fields by solving a set of simultaneous equations based on the conservation principles. The same results apply to electric ohmic conductors and networks of interconnected ohmic conductors. Computational experiments conducted in this regard confirm this extension. Further studies are required to test the energy minimization hypothesis for the non-linear flow systems.
For a well-stirred multiphase fluid systems the mean interface area per unit volume, $(δ{S}/δ{V})$, is a significant characteristic of the system state. In particular, it is important for the dynamics of systems of immiscible liquids experiencing interfacial boiling. We estimate the value of parameter $(δ{S}/δ{V})$ as a function of heat influx $\dot{Q}_V$ to the system.
A hybrid RANS/LES framework is developed based on a recently proposed Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) model combined with a variant of recycling and rescaling method of generating inflow turbulence. This framework was applied to investigate spatially developing flat plate turbulent boundary layer up to momentum thickness Reynolds number, $R_θ = 31000$ and the results are compared with the available experimental data. Good agreement was obtained for the global quantities such as mean velocity and skin friction at all momentum thickness Reynolds numbers considered. The trends obtained for the Reynolds stress components are in the right direction. At high $R_{θ$}, the shear stress distribution shows significant differences close to the wall indicating scope for further improving the near-wall modeling in such methods.
The low wavenumber expansion of the energy spectrum takes the well known form: $ E(k,t) = E_2(t) k^2 + E_4(t) k^4 + ... $, where the coefficients are weighted integrals against the correlation function $C(r,t)$. We show that expressing $E(k,t)$ in terms of the longitudinal correlation function $f(r,t)$ immediately yields $E_2(t)=0$ by cancellation. We verify that the same result is obtained using the correlation function $C(r,t)$, provided only that $f(r,t)$ falls off faster than $r^{-3}$ at large values of $r$. As power-law forms are widely studied for the purpose of establishing bounds, we consider the family of model correlations $f(r,t)=α_n(t)r^{-n}$, for positive integer $n$, at large values of the separation $r$. We find that for the special case $n=3$, the relationship connecting $f(r,t)$ and $C(r,t)$ becomes indeterminate, and (exceptionally) $E_2 \neq 0$, but that this solution is unphysical in that the viscous term in the Kármán-Howarth equation vanishes. Lastly, we show that $E_4(t)$ is independent of time, without needing to assume the exponential decrease of correlation functions at large distances.
A new, fully-localised, energy growth optimal is found over large times and in long pipe domains at a given mass flow rate. This optimal emerges at a threshold disturbance energy below which a nonlinear version of the known (streamwise-independent) linear optimal (Schmid \& Henningson 1994) is selected, and appears to remain the optimal up until the critical energy at which transition is triggered. The form of this optimal is similar to that found in short pipes (Pringle et al.\ 2012) albeit now with full localisation in the streamwise direction. This fully-localised optimal perturbation represents the best approximation yet of the {\em minimal seed} (the smallest perturbation capable of triggering a turbulent episode) for `real' (laboratory) pipe flows.
The paper demonstrates the optimization of the execution environment of a hybrid OpenMP+MPI computational fluid dynamics code (shallow water equation solver) on a cluster enabled with Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. The discussion includes: (1) Controlling the number and affinity of OpenMP threads to optimize access to memory bandwidth; (2) Tuning the inter-operation of OpenMP and MPI to partition the problem for better data locality; (3) Ordering the MPI ranks in a way that directs some of the traffic into faster communication channels; (4) Using efficient peer-to-peer communication between Xeon Phi coprocessors based on the InfiniBand fabric. With tuning, the application has 90% percent efficiency of parallel scaling up to 8 Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors in 2 compute nodes. For larger problems, scalability is even better, because of the greater computation to communication ratio. However, problems of that size do not fit in the memory of one coprocessor. The performance of the solver on one Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor 7120P exceeds the performance on a dual-socket Intel Xeon E5-2697 v2 CPU by a factor of 1.6x. In a 2-node cluster with 4 coprocessors per compute node, the MIC architecture yields 5.8x more performance than the CPUs. Only one line of legacy Fortran code had to be changed in order to achieve the reported performance on the MIC architecture (not counting changes to the command-line interface). The methodology discussed in this paper is directly applicable to other bandwidth-bound stencil algorithms utilizing a hybrid OpenMP+MPI approach.
A comprehensive scheme for the spatial discretisation of continuity equation, momentum advection and normal and shear stresses at the fluid interfaces is presented for numerically simulating the incompressible two phase flows based on the finite volume and volume of fluid methods. The scheme uses the mass conservation for the advection of the interface between the two fluids, physical considerations in determining the momentum flux at the surfaces of the finite volume so that it is consistent with that for the advection of the interfaces, and correctly accounts for the contributions to the normal and shear stresses from the viscosities of the two fluids. An interface reconstruction method is also presented, which approximates the local interface by a second order surface. The reconstruction method is based on the local average height function. It is linear and mathematically consistent. The force due to the surface tension is calculated based on the local surface area, curvature and unit normal of the interface which can all be calculated analytically from the reconstructed interface.