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arXiv2010

Magneto-optic and electro-optic effects in electromagnetic and gravitational fields

The magneto-optic effects and electro-optic effects are the essential optic effects, although their theoretical explanations are not unified in the classical electromagnetic theory. Describing with the algebra of octonions, the electromagnetic theory can derive the magneto-optic effects and electro-optic effects from the same one force definition in the paper. As well as the magneto-optic effect is deduced from the known force term, the electro-optic effect is from the new force term in the octonion space. This description method is different to that in the quantum theory as well as the index ellipsoid approach for the electro-optic effect. One more significant inference is that the gravitational field has an impact on the rotation of linearly polarized light, and then results in the similar birefringence for the transmitted light in the cosmic matter.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

The spin-charge-family theory is explaining the origin of families, of the Higgs and the Yukawa couplings

The spin-charge-family theory offers a possible explanation for the assumptions of the standard model - for the charges of a family members, for the gauge fields, for the appearance of families, for the the scalar fields - interpreting the standard model as its low energy effective manifestation. The spin-charge-family theory predicts at the low energy regime two decoupled groups of four families of quarks and leptons. The predicted fourth family waits to be observed, while the stable fifth family is the candidate to form the dark matter. The Higss and Yukawa couplings are the low energy effective manifestation of several scalar fields, all with the bosonic (adjoint) representations with respect to all the charge groups, with the family groups included. Properties of the families are analysed and relations among coherent contributions of the loop corrections to fermion properties discussed, including the one which enables the existence of the Majorana neutrinos. The appearance of several scalar fields is presented, their properties discussed, it is explained how these scalar fields can effectively be interpreted as the {\em standard model} Higgs (with the fermion kind of charges) and the Yukawa couplings, and a possible explanation why the Higgs has not yet been observed offered. The relation to proposals that the Yukawas follow from the SU(3) family (flavour) group, having the family charges in the fundamental representations of these groups, is discussed. The spin-charge-family theory predicts that there are no supersymmetric partners of the observed fermions and bosons.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Quantum-like model of processing of information in the brain based on classical electromagnetic field

We propose a model of quantum-like (QL) processing of mental information. This model is based on quantum information theory. However, in contrast to models of "quantum physical brain" reducing mental activity (at least at the highest level) to quantum physical phenomena in the brain, our model matches well with the basic neuronal paradigm of the cognitive science. QL information processing is based (surprisingly) on classical electromagnetic signals induced by joint activity of neurons. This novel approach to quantum information is based on representation of quantum mechanics as a version of classical signal theory which was recently elaborated by the author. The brain uses the QL representation (QLR) for working with abstract concepts; concrete images are described by classical information theory. Two processes, classical and QL, are performed parallely. Moreover, information is actively transmitted from one representation to another. A QL concept given in our model by a density operator can generate a variety of concrete images given by temporal realizations of the corresponding (Gaussian) random signal. This signal has the covariance operator coinciding with the density operator encoding the abstract concept under consideration. The presence of various temporal scales in the brain plays the crucial role in creation of QLR in the brain.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Source-free electromagnetism's canonical fields reveal the free-photon Schroedinger equation

Classical equations of motion that are first-order in time and conserve energy can only be quantized after their variables have been transformed to canonical ones, i.e., variables in which the energy is the system's Hamiltonian. The source-free version of Maxwell's equations is purely dynamical, first-order in time and has a well-defined nonnegative conserved field energy, but is decidedly noncanonical, an issue that has attracted little attention. The opposite parities of the electric and magnetic fields and consequent curl operations that typify Maxwell's equations are especially at odds with their being canonical fields. Transformation of the magnetic field into the transverse part of the vector potential helps but is not sufficient; further simple nonnegative symmetric integral transforms, which commute with all differential operators, are needed for both fields; such transforms also supplant the curls in the equations of motion. The canonical replacements of the source-free electromagnetic fields remain transverse-vector fields, but are more diffuse than their predecessors. Combined as the real and imaginary parts of a complex field, the canonical fields prove to be the transverse-vector wave function of a time-dependent Schroedinger equation whose Hamiltonian operator is the quantization of the free photon's square-root relativistic energy. Thus proper quantization of the source-free Maxwell equations is identical to second quantization of free photons that have normal square-root energy. There is no physical reason why first and second quantization of any relativistic free particle ought not to proceed in precise parallel, utilizing the square-root Hamiltonian operator. This natural procedure leaves no role for the completely artificial Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, as accords with their grossly unphysical properties.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Moon's Radiation Environment and Expected Performance of Solar Cells during Future Lunar Missions

Several lunar missions are planned ahead and there is an increasing demand for efficient photovoltaic power generation in the moon. The knowledge of solar cell operation in the lunar surface obtained during early seventies need to be updated considering current views on solar variability and emerging space solar cell technologies. In this paper some aspects of the solar cell performance expected under variable lunar radiation environment during future space missions to moon are addressed. We have calculated relative power expected from different types of solar cells under extreme solar proton irradiation conditions and high lunar daytime temperature. It is also estimated that 2-3 % of annual solar cell degradation is most probable during the future lunar missions. We have also discussed photovoltaic power generation in long term lunar bases emphasizing technological needs such as sunlight concentration, solar cell cooling and magnetic shielding of radiation for improving the efficiency of solar cells in the lunar environment.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Photovoltaic Power Generation in the Stellar Environments

In this paper we have studied the problem of photovoltaic power generation near selected stars in the solar neighborhood. The nature of the optical radiation from a star will depend on its luminosity,HR classification and spectral characteristics. The solar celloperation in the habitable zones of the stars is similar to AM1.0 operation near earth.Thecurrent space solar cell technology can be adopted for power generation near G,K and Mtype stars. Silicon solar cells with good near IR response are particularly suitable in theenvironments of M type stars which are most abundant in the universe. . Photovoltaicpower generation near binary stars like Sirius and Alpha Centauri is also discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

On the Electrical and Magnetic Properties of some Indian Spices

We have made experimental measurements of electrical conductivity, pH and relative magnetic susceptibility of the aqueous solutions of 24 indian spices. The measured values of electrical conductance of these spices are found to be linearly related to their ash content and bulk calorific values reported in literature. The physiological relevance of the pH and diamagnetic susceptibility of spices when consumed as food or medicine will be also discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

K-MOND (with "Dark Matter" as a distinction between Inertial and Gravitational Mass)

In this work we definitely prove a possibility that Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics, MOND, can be consistently interpreted as a theory with the modified kinetic terms of the usual Newtonain dynamics, simply called k-MOND. Precisely, we suggest only a functional dependence between inertial and gravitational mass tending toward identity in the limit of large accelerations (characteristic for Newtonian dynamics and its relativistic generalizations) but which behaves as a principal non-identity in the limit of small accelerations (smaller than Milgrom's acceleration constant). This functional dependence implies a generalization of the kinetic terms (without any change of the gravitational potential energy terms) in the usual Newtonain dynamics including generalization of corresponding Lagrange formalism. Such generalized dynamics, k-MOND, is identical to Milgrom's MOND. Also, mentioned k-MOND distinction between inertial and gravitational mass would be formally treated as "dark matter".

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

On the Arrow of Time

We believe the following three ingredients are enough to explain the mystery of the arrow of time: (1). equations of dynamics of gas molecules, (2). chaotic instabilities of the equations of dynamics, (3). unavoidable perturbations to the gas molecules. The level of physical rigor or mathematical rigor that can be reached for such a theory is unclear.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

On the correctness of Relative Time Dilatation in Special Relativity in vacuum: a rebuttal against the claims by Arthur Boltcho in European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 44 No. 4 (2010), pp. 610-611

In his recent paper published in the European Journal of Scientific Research 44, 4, 610-611 (2010), the author, Arthur Boltcho, claims to have found a mathematical disproof of relative time dilatation of Special Relativity Theory (SRT). In this letter we show that the supposed mathematical disproof of relative time dilatation of SRT is totally wrong and that Arthur Boltcho demonstrated nothing. The errors by Boltcho arise from a strong misunderstanding and confusing the concept of "moments" and time intervals in the framework of SRT.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Engineering the Zero-Point Field and Polarizable Vacuum For Interstellar Flight

A theme that has come to the fore in advanced planning for long-range space exploration is the concept of "propellantless propulsion" or "field propulsion." One version of this concept involves the projected possibility that empty space itself (the quantum vacuum, or space-time metric) might be manipulated so as to provide energy/thrust for future space vehicles. Although such a proposal has a certain science-fiction quality about it, modern theory describes the vacuum as a polarizable medium that sustains energetic quantum fluctuations. Thus the possibility that matter/vacuum interactions might be engineered for space-flight applications is not a priori ruled out, although certain constraints need to be acknowledged. The structure and implications of such a far-reaching hypothesis are considered herein.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2022

Revisiting solving procedure for Ermakov-Pinney equation (with applications in the field of cosmology)

It is known that Ermakov-Pinney equation is a nonlinear equation with wide applications in dynamics, physics, cosmology (e.g., Ermakov equation can be connected to Bose-Einstein Condensate cosmology which unifies the dark energy and the dark matter). In this analytical study, we have presented a new type of solving procedure to obtain analytical solution of Ermakov-Pinney equation, specifically for the case of rotating early Universe with vortex. The particular case of solution of the aforementioned equation is presented also (such the solution of special kind is important for cosmological applications) which corresponds to the class of solutions with symmetry reduction.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

The Last Workshop on Theoretical Physics in the Soviet Union

Twenty years ago, in October 1990, I found myself attending a workshop on Theoretical Physics in Chernomorka (Ukraine) intended only for Soviet physicists. That trip to the USSR/CCCP as well as the preceding months at CERN were highly surrealistic with plenty of adventures, crucial events and anecdotes, the most amazing one involving Niels Bohr. A few months later the Soviet Union collapsed. In this article I make a personal account on the happenings of 1990, with emphasis on my incursions into the European communist world during, and also before, that year.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

The Schroedinger-equation presentation of any oscillatory classical linear system that is homogeneous and conservative

The time-dependent Schroedinger equation with time-independent Hamiltonian matrix is a homogeneous linear oscillatory system in canonical form. We investigate whether any classical system that itself is linear, homogeneous, oscillatory and conservative is guaranteed to linearly map into a Schroedinger equation. Such oscillatory classical systems can be analyzed into their normal modes, which are mutually independent, uncoupled simple harmonic oscillators, and the equation of motion of such a system linearly maps into a Schroedinger equation whose Hamiltonian matrix is diagonal, with h times the individual simple harmonic oscillator frequencies as its diagonal entries. Therefore if the coupling-strength matrix of such an oscillatory system is presented in symmetric, positive-definite form, the Hamiltonian matrix of the Schroedinger equation it maps into is h times the square root of that coupling-strength matrix. We obtain a general expression for mapping this type of oscillatory classical equation of motion into a Schroedinger equation, and apply it to the real-valued classical Klein-Gordon equation and the source-free Maxwell equations, which results in relativistic Hamiltonian operators that are strictly compatible with the correspondence principle. Once such an oscillatory classical system has been mapped into a Schroedinger equation, it is automatically in canonical form, making second quantization of that Schroedinger equation a technically simple as well as a physically very interpretable way to quantize the original classical system.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Canonical Relational Quantum Mechanics from Information Theory

In this paper we construct a theory of quantum mechanics based on Shannon information theory. We define a few principles regarding information-based frames of reference, including explicitly the concept of information covariance, and show how an ensemble of all possible physical states can be setup on the basis of the accessible information in the local frame of reference. In the next step the Bayesian principle of maximum entropy is utilized in order to constrain the dynamics. We then show, with the aid of Lisi's universal action reservoir approach, that the dynamics is equivalent to that of quantum mechanics. Thereby we show that quantum mechanics emerges when classical physics is subject to incomplete information. We also show that the proposed theory is relational and that it in fact is a path integral version of Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics. Furthermore we give a discussion on the relation between the proposed theory and quantum mechanics, in particular the role of observation and correspondence to classical physics is addressed. In addition to this we derive a general form of entropy associated with the information covariance of the local reference frame. Finally we give a discussion and some open problems.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Lense Thirring and Geodetic Effects

Using the Einstein gravitation theory (EGT), we analyze the Lense Thirring (LT) and the Geodetic effects. In the LT effect the angular orbital momentum L and the perigeo of a particle, orbiting a sphere with mass M and spin J around an axis passing by its center of mass, precess around J. In the Geodetic effect the spin S of a gyroscope orbiting M precess around its orbital angular momentum L and the spin of J of M. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results. This article was written to graduate and postgraduate students of Physics.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Intrinsic Awareness, the Fundamental State of Consciousness

In an effort to simplify the complexity in the studies of consciousness, the author suggests to divide the conscious experiences into a fundamental state, the intrinsic awareness (IA), and functions of this fundamental state. IA does not depend on external environment, our sense organs, and our cognitions. This ground state of consciousness is timeless and irreducible to sub-constituents; therefore reductionism can apply neither to the analysis nor to the new theory of IA. The methodology for investigating IA is proposed and the relation between IA and the hard problem in consciousness proposed by Chalmers is discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗