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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
arXiv2014

Phenomenology of Rate-Related Nonlinear Effects in Nuclear Spectroscopy

A series of recent reports suggest that the decay rates of several isotopes may have been influenced by solar activity (perhaps by solar neutrinos). A mechanism in which neutrinos or antineutrinos can influence the decay process suggests that a sample of decaying nuclei emitting neutrinos could affect its own rate of decay. Past experiments have searched for this 'self-induced decay' (SID) effect by measuring deviations from the expected decay rate for highly active samples of varying geometries. Here, we show that the SID effect closely resembles the behavior of rate-related losses due to dead-time, and hence that standard dead-time corrections can result in the removal of any SID-related behavior. We conclude by describing experiments which could disentangle SID effects from those arising from dead-time.

nucl-ex↗
arXiv2014

Effective Volumetric Factor for Inhomogeneous Temperature in Volumetric Measurements of Gas Absorption and Desorption

Accounting of effective volumetric factor for the measurement at inhomogeneous temperature allows to the simplify the measurement process avoiding a pre-calibration with a noble gas. The volumetric correction in form of the volumetric factor is calculated analytically by modeling of the temperature profile in the volumetric apparatus, and provides a quite agreement with the measured results. The calculation can be applied for each volumetric measurement with an inhomogeneous temperature distribution.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Energy Production Demonstrator for Megawatt Proton Beams

A preliminary study of the Energy Production Demonstrator (EPD) concept - a solid heavy metal target irradiated by GeV-range intense proton beams and producing more energy than consuming - is carried out. Neutron production, fission, energy deposition, energy gain, testing volume and helium production are simulated with the MARS15 code for tungsten, thorium, and natural uranium targets in the proton energy range 0.5 to 120 GeV. This study shows that the proton energy range of 2 to 4 GeV is optimal for both a natU EPD and the tungsten-based testing station that would be the most suitable for proton accelerator facilities. Conservative estimates, not including breeding and fission of plutonium, based on the simulations suggest that the proton beam current of 1 mA will be sufficient to produce 1 GW of thermal output power with the natU EPD while supplying < 8% of that power to operate the accelerator. The thermal analysis shows that the concept considered has a problem due to a possible core meltdown; however, a number of approaches (a beam rastering, in first place) are suggested to mitigate the issue. The efficiency of the considered EPD as a Materials Test Station (MTS) is also evaluated in this study.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Iron-free detectors for future linear colliders

We continue consideration of Iron-free magnetic systems for possible application in detectors for high energy collider. In particular we suggest a new type of magnetic system with the multiple flux-return solenoids. This system allows reaching higher field level at IP compared with traditional ones.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Traceable precision pA direct current measurements with the ULCA

A standard method for picoammeter calibrations is the capacitor charging technique, which allows generating traceable currents in the sub-nA range. However, its accuracy is limited by the ac-dc differences of the capacitances involved. The Ultrastable Low-noise Current Amplifier (ULCA) is a novel high-precision amperemeter for direct current measurements in the pA range, developed at PTB. Its amplifier stages, based on resistor networks and op-amps, can be calibrated traceably with a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) system. We compare the results from both independent calibration routes for two different ULCA prototypes. We find agreement between both methods at an uncertainty level below 10 microA/A, limited by the uncertainty of the currents generated with the capacitor charging method. The investigations confirm the superior performance of the new ULCA picoammeter.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

A novel acquisition method of nuclear spectrum based on pulse area analysis

A novel method based on pulse area analysis(PAA) was presented for acquisition nuclear spectrum by the digitizer. PAA method can be used as a substitute for the traditional method of pulse height analysis (PHA). In the PAA method a commercial digitizer was employed to sample and sum in the pulse, and the area of pulse is proportional to the energy of the detected radiation. The results of simulation and experiment indicate the great advantages of PAA method, especially when the count rate is high and shaping time constant is small. When shaping time constant is 0.5us, the energy resolution of PAA is about 66% better than that of PHA.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

The Complex Irradiation Facility at DLR-Bremen

All material exposed to interplanetary space conditions are subject to degradation processes. For obvious reasons there is a great interest to study these processes for materials that are used in satellite construction. However, also the influence of particle and electromagnetic radiation on the weathering of extraterrestrial rocks and on organic and biological tissues is the research topic of various scientific disciplines. To strengthen the comprehensive and systematic investigation of degradation processes a new laboratory, the complex irradiation facility (CIF), has been designed, set up, tested, and put into operation at the DLR-Institute of Space Systems in Bremen (Germany). The CIF allows the simultaneous irradiation with three light sources and with a dual beam irradiation system for the bombardment of materials with electrons and protons having energies up to 100 keV. It is eminently suitable to perform a large variety of irradiation procedures that are similar to those which appear at different distances to the Sun. This paper is devoted to potential users in order to inform them about the capabilities of the CIF.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Advanced LIGO Two-Stage Twelve-Axis Vibration Isolation and Positioning Platform. Part 2: Experimental Investigation and Tests Results

This paper presents the results of the past seven years of experimental investigation and testing done on the two-stage twelve-axis vibration isolation platform for Advanced LIGO gravity waves observatories. This five-ton two-and-half-meter wide system supports more than a 1000 kg of very sensitive equipment. It provides positioning capability and seismic isolation in all directions of translation and rotation. To meet the very stringent requirements of Advanced LIGO, the system must provide more than three orders of magnitude of isolation over a very large bandwidth. It must bring the motion below 10^(-11) m/(Hz)^0.5 at 1 Hz and 10^(-12) m/(Hz)^0.5 at 10 Hz. A prototype of this system has been built in 2006. It has been extensively tested and analyzed during the following two years. This paper shows how the experimental results obtained with the prototype were used to engineer the final design. It highlights how the engineering solutions implemented not only improved the isolation performance but also greatly simplified the assembly, testing, and commissioning process. During the past two years, five units have been constructed, tested, installed and commissioned at each of the two LIGO observatories. Five other units are being built for an upcoming third observatory. The test results presented show that the system meets the motion requirements, and reach the sensor noise in the control bandwidth.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Advanced LIGO Two-Stage Twelve-Axis Vibration Isolation and Positioning Platform. Part 1: Design and Production Overview

New generations of gravity wave detectors require unprecedented levels of vibration isolation. This paper presents the final design of the vibration isolation and positioning platform used in Advanced LIGO to support the interferometers core optics. This five-ton two-and-half-meter wide system operates in ultra-high vacuum. It features two stages of isolation mounted in series. The stages are imbricated to reduce the overall height. Each stage provides isolation in all directions of translation and rotation. The system is instrumented with a unique combination of low noise relative and inertial sensors. The active control provides isolation from 0.1 Hz to 30 Hz. It brings the platform motion down to 10^(-11) m/Hz^(0.5) at 1 Hz. Active and passive isolation combine to bring the platform motion below 10^(-12) m/Hz^(0.5) at 10 Hz. The passive isolation lowers the motion below 10^(-13) m/Hz^(0.5) at 100 Hz. The paper describes how the platform has been engineered not only to meet the isolation requirements, but also to permit the construction, testing, and commissioning process of the fifteen units needed for Advanced LIGO observatories.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

A FLUKA Study of $β$-delayed Neutron Emission for the Ton-size DarkSide Dark Matter Detector

In the published cosmogenic background study for a ton-sized DarkSide dark matter search, only prompt neutron backgrounds coincident with cosmogenic muons or muon induced showers were considered, although observation of the initiating particle(s) was not required. The present paper now reports an initial investigation of the magnitude of cosmogenic background from $β$-delayed neutron emission produced by cosmogenic activity in DarkSide. The study finds a background rate for $β$-delayed neutrons in the fiducial volume of the detector on the order of < 0.1 event/year. However, detailed studies are required to obtain more precise estimates. The result should be compared to a radiogenic background event rate from the PMTs inside the DarkSide liquid scintillator veto of 0.2 events/year.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2015

A simple technique for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy using plastic scintillator

A new and simple technique has been developed using plastic scintillator detectors for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy without single channel analyzer (SCA) or multichannel analyzer (MCA). In these experiments only a leading edge discriminator (LED) and NIM scalers have been used. Energy calibration of gamma spectra in plastic scintillators has been done using Co$^{60}$ and Cs$^{137}$ sources. The details experimental technique, analysis procedure and experimental results has been presented in this article.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Radiation Tests for a Single-GEM Loaded Gaseous Detector

We report on the systematic study of a single-gas-electron-multiplication (GEM) loaded gaseous detector developed for precision measurements of high-energy particle beams and dose-verification measurements. In the present study, a 256-channel prototype detector with an active area of 16$\times$16 cm$^{2}$, operated in a continuous current-integration-mode signal-processing method, was manufactured and tested with x rays emitted from a 70-kV x-ray generator and 43-MeV protons provided by the MC50 proton cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS). The amplified detector response was measured for the x rays with an intensity of about 5$\times$10$^{6}$ Hz cm$^{-2}$. The linearity of the detector response to the particle flux was examined and validated by using 43-MeV proton beams. The non-uniform development of the amplification for the gas electrons in space was corrected by applying proper calibration to the channel responses of the measured beam-profile data. We concluded from the radiation tests that the detector developed in the present study will allow us to perform quality measurements of various high-energy particle beams and to apply the technology to dose verification measurements in particle therapy.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

The NA62 experiment at CERN: status and perspectives

The NA62 experiment at CERN will measure the branching ratio of the K+ -> pi+ nu nubar decay with a precision of 10%, collecting about 100 events in two years of run. This paper will review the design of the experiment, the strategy for the measurement and the actual status of the installation. Prospects for the data collection and for the measurement of other rare K+ channels will be presented.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Searching for the mu into e gamma decay with MEG and MEG-II

The MEG collaboration searches for the mu to e gamma decay at the muon beam line PiE5 of the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland. The world best upper limit has been set to be BR(mu to e gamma) < 5.7 10^-13 at 90% C.L. analyzing a data set of 3.6 10^14 stopped muons on target. An upgrade program of the detector (MEG-II) should lead to a sensitivity at a level of few 10^-14 within the next five years.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2014

Large Photocathode Photodetectors Using Photon Amplification and Phase-Space Compression

We describe a simple technique to both amplify incident photons and compress their angular x area phase space. These Optical Compressor Amplifier Tubes (OCA Tube) use techniques analogous to image intensifiers, using vacuum photocathodes to detect photons as converted to photoelectrons, amplify the photons via photoelectron bombardment of fast scintillators, and compress the optical phase space onto optical fibers, so that small, high gain photodetectors, like miniature PMT or SiPM, can be used to detect photons from large areas, at comparatively low cost. The properties of and benefits of OCA tubes are described.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

A study of decays to strange final states with GlueX in Hall D using components of the BaBar DIRC

We propose to enhance the kaon identification capabilities of the GlueX detector by constructing an FDIRC (Focusing Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov) detector utilizing the decommissioned BaBar DIRC components. The GlueX FDIRC would significantly enhance the GlueX physics program by allowing one to search for and study hybrid mesons decaying into kaon final states. Such systematic studies of kaon final states are essential for inferring the quark flavor content of hybrid and conventional mesons. The GlueX FDIRC would reuse one-third of the synthetic fused silica bars that were utilized in the BaBar DIRC. A new focussing photon camera, read out with large area photodetectors, would be developed. We propose operating the enhanced GlueX detector in Hall D for a total of 220 days at an average intensity of 5x10^7 γ/s, a program that was conditionally approved by PAC39

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2014

Experimental research on the THGEM-based thermal neutron detector

A new thermal neutron detector with the domestically produced THGEM (THick Gas Electron Multiplier) was developed as an alternative to 3He to meet the needs of the next generation of neutron facilities. One type of Au-coated THGEM was designed specifically for the neutron detection. A detector prototype had been developed and the preliminary experimental tests were presented, including the performance of the Au-coated THGEM working in the Ar/CO2 gas mixtures and the neutron imaging test with 252CF source, which would provide the reference of experimental data for the research in future.

physics.ins-det↗