Searcharxiv⌕ Search

SEARCH · Searcharxiv

Results for “math.GM”

Search indexed arXiv papers on artificial intelligence, large language models, computer vision and robotics. Read source abstracts and follow links to arXiv.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Smarandache Type Function Obtained by Duality

In this paper we extend the Smarandache function from the set $N*$ of positive integers to the set $Q$ pf rational numbers. Using the inverse formula, this function is also regarded as a generating function. We put in evidence a procedure to construct a (numerical) function starting from a given function in two particular cases. Also, connections between this function and Euler totient function as well as with Riemann zeta function are established.

math.GM↗

Implicit function density computation

If two random variables X and A are functionally related via f(X)=A for some strictly monotone continuously differentiable function f:R->R, the distribution of X may easily be computed from the distribution of A.

math.GM↗

The order completion method for systems of nonlinear PDEs: Pseudo-topological perspectives

By setting up appropriate uniform convergence structures, we are able to reformulate the Order Completion Method of Oberguggenberger and Rosinger in a setting that more closely resembles the usual topological constructions for solving PDEs. As an application, we obtain existence and uniqueness results for the solutions of arbitrary continuous, nonlinear PDEs.

math.GM↗

A geometrical link between the circle and sexagesimal system

This paper presents a simple geometrical fact which could relate to the history of mathematics and astronomy. This fact shows a natural link between the circle and the multiples of 6 and it makes it possible to obtain a simple representation of the 12 months of the year, the 24 hours of the day, the 30 days (average number) of the month and the 360 days (approximate number) of the year, which brings us closer to the sexagesimal division of time. Moreover this representation reminds one of the movement of the planets around a centre. Using this fact one will be able also to find geometrically the principal divisor of number 60, to represent numbers in base 60 with a kind of abacus or calculation table and to make a division of the circle into 6 and 12 equal parts. Afterwards one will be able to obtain a division in 360 unequal parts but relatively close to one another, and the goal isn't precisely to obtain an optimal division of the circle in 360 equal parts but to prove that the idea to divide the circle in 360 equal parts can subsequently be suggested by these geometrical facts that have been showed. In this article the author will not answer the following questions: a) What is the origin of the sexagesimal system? b) By which way could one manage to adopt the sexagesimal system starting from the knowledge of the facts exposed in this article and starting from the knowledge of the astronomical data? These questions could be treated, using information of this article, by the readers or later on by the author.

math.HO↗

A double demonstration of a theorem of Newton, which gives a relation between the coefficient of an algebraic equation and the sums of the powers of its roots

Translation from the Latin original, "Demonstratio gemina theorematis Neutoniani, quo traditur relatio inter coefficientes cuiusvis aequationis algebraicae et summas potestatum radicum eiusdem" (1747). E153 in the Enestrom index. In this paper Euler gives two proofs of Newton's identities, which express the sums of powers of the roots of a polynomial in terms of its coefficients. The first proof takes the derivative of a logarithm. The second proof uses induction and the fact that in a polynomial of degree $n$, the coefficient of $x^{n-k}$ is equal to the sum of the products of $k$ roots, times $(-1)^k$.

math.HO↗

On the location and classification of all prime numbers

We will describe an algorithm to arrange all the positive and negative integer numbers. This array of numbers permits grouping them in six different Classes, $α$, $β$, $γ$, $δ$, $ε$, and $ζ$. Particularly, numbers belong to Class $α$ are defined as $α=1+6 n$, and those of Class $β$, as $β=5+6n$, where $n=0,\pm1,\pm2,\pm3,\pm4,...$ These two Classes $α$ and $β$,contain: i) all prime numbers, except + 2, -2 and $\pm$3, which belong to $ε$, $δ$, and $γ$ Classes, respectively, and ii) all the other odd numbers, except those that are multiple of $\pm$3, according to the sequence $\pm$9, $\pm$15, $\pm$21, $\pm$27, ... Besides, products between numbers of the Class $α$, and also those between numbers of the Class $β$, generates numbers belonging to the Class $α$. On the other side, products between numbers of Class $α$ with numbers of Class $β$, result in numbers of Class $β$. Then, both Classes $α$ and $β$ include: i) all the prime numbers except $\pm$2 and $\pm$3, and ii) all the products between $α$ numbers, as $α\cdotα^{\prime}$; all the products between $β$ numbers, as $β\cdotβ^{\prime}$; and also all the products between numbers of Classes $α$ and $β$, as $α\cdotβ$, which necessarily are composite numbers, whose factorization is completely determined.

math.GM↗

Parastrophic invariance of Smarandache quasigroups

Every quasigroup $(L,\cdot)$ belongs to a set of 6 quasigroups, called parastrophes denoted by $(L,π_i)$, $i\in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$. It is shown that $(L,π_i)$ is a Smarandache quasigroup with associative subquasigroup $(S,π_i) \forall i\in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ if and only if for any of some four $j\in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$, $(S,π_j)$ is an isotope of $(S,π_i)$ or $(S,π_k)$ for one $k\in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ such that $i\ne j\ne k$. Hence, $(L,π_i)$ is a Smarandache quasigroup with associative subquasigroup $(S,π_i) \forall i\in \{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ if and only if any of the six Khalil conditions is true for any of some four of $(S,π_i)$.

math.GM↗

Smarandache Isotopy Theory Of Smarandache: Quasigroups And Loops

The concept of Smarandache isotopy is introduced and its study is explored for Smarandache: groupoids, quasigroups and loops just like the study of isotopy theory was carried out for groupoids, quasigroups and loops. The exploration includes: Smarandache; isotopy and isomorphy classes, Smarandache $f,g$ principal isotopes and G-Smarandache loops.

math.GM↗

On the Derivatives of Central Loops

The right(left) derivative, $a^{-1},e-$ and $e,a^{-1}-$ isotopes of a C-loop are shown to be C-loops. Furthermore, for a central loop $(L,F)$, it is shown that $\big\{F,F^{a^{-1}},F_{a^{-1},e}\big\}$ and $\big\{F,F_{a^{-1}},F_{e,a^{-1}}\big\}$ are systems of isotopic C-loops that obey a form of generalized distributive law. Quasigroup isotopes $(L,\otimes)$ and $(L,\ominus)$ of a loop $(L,θ)$ and its parastrophe $(L,θ^*)$ respectively are proved to be isotopic if either $(L,\otimes)$ or $(L,\ominus )$ is commutative. If $(L,θ)$ is a C-loop, then it is shown that $\big\{(L,θ),(L,θ^*),(L,\otimes),(L,\oplus)\big\}$ is a system of isotopic C-quasigroup under the above mentioned condition. It is shown that C-loops are isotopic to some finite indecomposable groups of the classes ${\cal D}_i,i=1,2,3,4,5$ and that the center of such C-loops have a rank of 1,2 or 3.

math.GM↗

On Isotopic Characterization of Central Loops

The representation sets of central loops are investigated and the results obtained are used to construct a finite C-loop. It is shown that for certain types of isotopisms, the central identities are isotopic invariant.

math.GM↗

On Some Autotopisms Of Non-Steiner Central Loops

An algebraic process for the construction of an autotopism for a non-Steiner C-loop is described and this is demonstrated with an example using a known finite C-loop. In every C-loop, two of its parastrophes are not equivalent(equal) it, if and only if both the first and second components of the constructed autotopism and its inverse autotopism are not equal to the identity map. Hence, none of the other three parastrophes is equivalent(equal) to the C-loop. It is proved that the set of autotopisms that prevent a C-loop from being a Steiner loop forms a Steiner triple system.

math.GM↗

Algebraic properties of some varieties of central loops

Isotopes of C-loops with unique non-identity squares are shown to be both C-loops and A-loops. The relationship between C-loops and Steiner loops is further studied. Central loops with the weak and cross inverse properties are also investigated. C-loops are found to be Osborn loops if every element in them are squares.

math.GM↗

On a Result of Hardy and Ramanujan

In this paper, we introduce some explicit approximations for the summation $\sum_{k\leq n}Ω(k)$, where $Ω(k)$ is the total number of prime factors of $k$.

math.NT↗