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arXiv1996

Beyond the triangle and uniqueness relations: non-zeta counterterms at large N from positive knots

Counterterms that are not reducible to $ζ_{n}$ are generated by ${}_3F_2$ hypergeometric series arising from diagrams for which triangle and uniqueness relations furnish insufficient data. Irreducible double sums, corresponding to the torus knots $(4,3)=8_{19}$ and $(5,3)=10_{124}$, are found in anomalous dimensions at ${\rm O}(1/N^3)$ in the large-$N$ limit, which we compute analytically up to terms of level 11, corresponding to 11 loops for 4-dimensional field theories and 12 loops for 2-dimensional theories. High-precision numerical results are obtained up to 24 loops and used in Padé resummations of $\varepsilon$-expansions, which are compared with analytical results in 3 dimensions. The ${\rm O}(1/N^3)$ results entail knots generated by three dressed propagators in the master two-loop two-point diagram. At higher orders in $1/N$ one encounters the uniquely positive hyperbolic 11-crossing knot, associated with an irreducible triple sum. At 12 crossings, a pair of 3-braid knots is generated, corresponding to a pair of irreducible double sums with alternating signs. The hyperbolic positive knots $10_{139}$ and $10_{152}$ are not generated by such self-energy insertions.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

On the finite dimensional quantum group M_3 + (M_{2|1}(Lambda^2))_0

We describe a few properties of the non semi-simple associative algebra H = M_3 + (M_{2|1}(Lambda2))_0, where Lambda2 is the Grassmann algebra with two generators. We show that H is not only a finite dimensional algebra but also a (non co-commutative) Hopf algebra, hence a finite dimensional quantum group. By selecting a system of explicit generators, we show how it is related with the quantum enveloping algebra of SLq(2) when the parameter q is a cubic root of unity. We describe its indecomposable projective representations as well as the irreducible ones. We also comment about the relation between this object and the theory of modular representations of the group SL(2,F3), i.e. the binary tetrahedral group. Finally, we briefly discuss its relation with the Lorentz group and, as already suggested by A.Connes, make a few comments about the possible use of this algebra in a modification of the Standard Model of particle physics (the unitary group of the semi-simple algebra associated with H is U(3) x U(2) x U(1)).

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

Multibracket simple Lie algebras

We introduce higher-order (or multibracket) simple Lie algebras that generalize the ordinary Lie algebras. Their `structure constants' are given by Lie algebra cohomology cocycles which, by virtue of being such, satisfy a suitable generalization of the Jacobi identity. Finally, we introduce a nilpotent, complete BRST operator associated with the l multibracket algebras which are based on a given simple Lie algebra of rank l.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

Generalized Poisson structures

New generalized Poisson structures are introduced by using skew-symmetric contravariant tensors of even order. The corresponding `Jacobi identities' are given by the vanishing of the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket. As an example, we provide the linear generalized Poisson structures which can be constructed on the dual spaces of simple Lie algebras.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

R-torsion and linking numbers from simplicial abelian gauge theories

Simplicial versions of topological abelian gauge theories are constructed which reproduce the continuum expressions for the partition function and Wilson expectation value of linked loops, expressible in terms of R-torsion and linking numbers respectively. The new feature which makes this possible is the introduction of simplicial fields (cochains) associated with the dual triangulation of the background manifold, as well as with the triangulation itself. This doubling of fields, reminiscent of lattice fermion doubling, is required because the natural simplicial analogue of the Hodge star operator maps between cochains of a triangulation and cochains of the dual triangulation. The simplicial analogue of Hodge-de Rham theory is developed, along with a natural simplicial framework for considering linking numbers of framed loops. When the loops represent torsion elements of the homology of the manifold then Q/Z-valued torsion pairings appear in place of linking numbers for certain discrete values of the coupling parameter of the theory.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Weight Systems from Feynman Diagrams

We find that the overall UV divergences of a renormalizable field theory with trivalent vertices fulfil a four-term relation. They thus come close to establish a weight system. This provides a first explanation of the recent successful association of renormalization theory with knot theory.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

Conjectured Enumeration of irreducible Multiple Zeta Values, from Knots and Feynman Diagrams

Multiple zeta values (MZVs) are under intense investigation in three arenas -- knot theory, number theory, and quantum field theory -- which unite in Kreimer's proposal that field theory assigns MZVs to positive knots, via Feynman diagrams whose momentum flow is encoded by link diagrams. Two challenging problems are posed by this nexus of knot/number/field theory: enumeration of positive knots, and enumeration of irreducible MZVs. Both were recently tackled by Broadhurst and Kreimer (BK). Here we report large-scale analytical and numerical computations that test, with considerable severity, the BK conjecture that the number, $D_{n,k}$, of irreducible MZVs of weight $n$ and depth $k$, is generated by $\prod_{n\ge3}\prod_{k\ge1}(1-x^n y^k) ^{D_{n,k}}=1-\frac{x^3y}{1-x^2}+\frac{x^{12}y^2(1-y^2)}{(1-x^4)(1-x^6)}$, which is here shown to be consistent with all shuffle identities for the corresponding iterated integrals, up to weights $n=44, 37, 42, 27$, at depths $k=2, 3, 4, 5$, respectively, entailing computation at the petashuffle level. We recount the field-theoretic discoveries of MZVs, in counterterms, and of Euler sums, from more general Feynman diagrams, that led to this success.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

Meander Determinants

We prove a determinantal formula for quantities related to the problem of enumeration of (semi-) meanders, namely the topologically inequivalent planar configurations of non-self-intersecting loops crossing a given (half-) line through a given number of points. This is done by the explicit Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of certain bases of subspaces of the Temperley-Lieb algebra.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

String/Quantum Gravity motivated Uncertainty Relations and Regularisation in Field Theory

The possibility of the existence of small correction terms to the canonical commutation relations and the uncertainty relations has recently found renewed interest. In particular, such correction terms could induce finite lower bounds $Δx_0, Δp_0$ to the resolution of distances and/or momenta. I review a general framework for the path integral formulation of quantum field theories on such generalised geometries, and focus then on the mechanisms by which $Δp_0>0$, and/or $Δx_0>0$ lead to IR and/or UV regularisation.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Hyper-Kahler Geometry and Invariants of Three-Manifolds

We study a 3-dimensional topological sigma-model, whose target space is a hyper-Kahler manifold X. A Feynman diagram calculation of its partition function demonstrates that it is a finite type invariant of 3-manifolds which is similar in structure to those appearing in the perturbative calculation of the Chern-Simons partition function. The sigma-model suggests a new system of weights for finite type invariants of 3-manifolds, described by trivalent graphs. The Riemann curvature of X plays the role of Lie algebra structure constants in Chern-Simons theory, and the Bianchi identity plays the role of the Jacobi identity in guaranteeing the so-called IHX relation among the weights. We argue that, for special choices of X, the partition function of the sigma-model yields the Casson-Walker invariant and its generalizations. We also derive Walker's surgery formula from the SL(2,Z) action on the finite-dimensional Hilbert space obtained by quantizing the sigma-model on a two-dimensional torus.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

A $\hbar$-deformed Virasoro Algebra as Hidden Symmetry of the Restricted sine-Gordon Model

As the Yangian double with center,which is deformed from affine algebra by the additive loop parameter $\hbar$ ,we get the commuting relation and the bosonization of quantum $\hbar$-deformed Virasoro algebra. The corresponding Miura transformation, associated screening operators and the BRST charge have been studied. Moreover, we also constructe the bosonization for type I and type II intertwiner vertex operators. Finally, we show that the commuting relation of these vertex operators in the case of $p'=r p=r-1$ and $\hbar =π$ actually gives the exact scattering matrix of the Restricted sine-Gordon model.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Novel algebraic structures from the polysymplectic form in field theory

The polysymplectic $(n+1)$-form is introduced as an analogue of the symplectic form for the De Donder-Weyl polymomentum Hamiltonian formulation of field theory. The corresponding Poisson brackets on differential forms are constructed. The analogues of the Poisson algebra are shown to be generalized (non-commutative and higher-order) Gerstenhaber algebras defined in the text.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Degeneration of the Elliptic Algebra $A_{q,p}(\widehat{sl_2})$ and Form Factors in the sine-Gordon Theory

Following the work with Jimbo and Miwa, we introduce a certain degeneration of the elliptic algebra $A_{q,p}(\widehat{sl_2})$ and its boson realization. We investigate its rational limit. The limit is the central extension of the Yangian double DY(sl_2) at level one. We give a new boson realization of it. Based on these algebras, we reformulate the Smirnov's form factor bootstrap approach to the sine-Gordon theory and the SU(2) invariant Thirring model. A conjectural integral formula for form factor in the sine-Gordon theory is derived.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

An Introduction to Noncommutative Spaces and their Geometry

These lectures notes are an intoduction for physicists to several ideas and applications of noncommutative geometry. The necessary mathematical tools are presented in a way which we feel should be accessible to physicists. We illustrate applications to Yang-Mills, fermionic and gravity models, notably we describe the spectral action recently introduced by Chamseddine and Connes. We also present an introduction to recent work on noncommutative lattices. The latter have been used to construct topologically nontrivial quantum mechanical and field theory models, in particular alternative models of lattice gauge theory. Here is the list of sections: 1. Introduction. 2. Noncommutative Spaces and Algebras of Functions. 3. Noncommutative Lattices. 4. Modules as Bundles. 5. The Spectral Calculus. 6. Noncommutative Differential Forms. 7. Connections on Modules. 8. Field Theories on Modules. 9. Gravity Models. 10. Quantum Mechanical Models on Noncommutative Lattices. Appendices: Basic Notions of Topology. The Gel'fand-Naimark-Segal Construction. Hilbert Modules. Strong Morita Equivalence. Partially Ordered Sets. Pseudodifferential Operators

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Physical Meaning of Quantum Space-Time Symmetries

A definition is given and the physical meaning of quantum transformations of a non-commutative configuration space (quantum group coactions) is discussed. It is shown that non-commutative coordinates which are transformed by quantum groups are the natural generalization of the notion of a tensor operator for usual groups and that the quantum group coactions induce semigroups of transformations of states of a system. Two examples of non-commutative transformations and the corresponding semigroups are considered.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

On the braided Fock spaces

Framework for constructing Fock spaces associated either with certain solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation or with infinite dimensional Hecke algebra is presented. For the former case, the quantum deformed oscillator algebra associated with the solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation is found.

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