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CP asymmetries in three-body B+- decays to charged pions and kaons

CP asymmetries have been measured recently by the LHCb collaboration in three-body $B^+$ decays to final states involving charged pions and kaons. Large asymmetries with opposite signs at a level of about 60% have been observed in $B^\pm\to π^\pm({\rm or} K^\pm)π^+π^-$ and $B^\pm \to π^\pm K^+K^-$ for restricted regions in the Dalitz plots involving $π^+π^-$ and $K^+K^-$ with low invariant mass. U-spin is shown to predict corresponding $ΔS=0$ and $ΔS=1$ asymmetries with opposite signs and inversely proportional to their branching ratios, in analogy with a successful relation predicted thirteen years ago between asymmetries in $B_s\to K^-π^+$ and $B^0 \to K^+ π^-$. We compare these predictions with the measured integrated asymmetries. Effects of specific resonant or non-resonant partial waves on enhanced asymmetries for low-pair-mass regions of the Dalitz plot are studied in $B^\pm \to π^\pm π^+π^-$. The closure of low-mass $π^+π^-$ and $K^+K^-$ channels involving only $ππ\leftrightarrow K\bar K$ rescattering may explain by CPT approximately equal magnitudes and opposite signs measured in $B^\pm\to π^\pmπ^+π^-$ and $B^\pm \to π^\pm K^+K^-$.

hep-ph↗

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0 to K-K+pi-pi+ and D0 to pi-pi+pi+pi- decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and D0bar decays to the final states K-K+pi-pi+ and pi-pi+pi+pi- is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb^-1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV. For the K-K+pi-pi+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the pi-pi+pi+pi- final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The $p$-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity.

hep-ex↗

Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays $B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 π^+$ and $B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 K^+$

An analysis of $B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 π^+$ and $B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 K^+$ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The $pp$ collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of $1{\,fb}^{-1}$ and $2{\,fb}^{-1}$ collected at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=7\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$ and $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the direct {\it CP} asymmetries are measured to be $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 K^+)/\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 π^+) = 0.064 \pm 0.009\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.004\textrm{(syst.)}$, $\mathcal{A}^{\it CP}(B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 π^+) = -0.022 \pm 0.025\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.010\textrm{(syst.)}$ and $\mathcal{A}^{\it CP}(B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 K^+) = -0.21 \pm 0.14\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.01\textrm{(syst.)}$. The data sample taken at $\sqrt{s}=7\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$ is used to search for $B_c^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 K^+$ decays and results in the upper limit $(f_c\cdot\mathcal{B}(B_c^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 K^+))/(f_u\cdot\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to K_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle S}^0 π^+)) < 5.8\times10^{-2}\textrm{at 90% confidence level}$, where $f_c$ and $f_u$ denote the hadronisation fractions of a $\bar{b}$ quark into a $B_c^+$ or a $B^+$ meson, respectively.

hep-ex↗

Natural Electroweak Symmetry Breaking from Scale Invariant Higgs Mechanism

We construct a minimal viable extension of the standard model (SM) with classical scale symmetry. Its scalar sector contains a complex singlet in addition to the SM Higgs doublet. The scale-invariant and CP-symmetric Higgs potential generates radiative electroweak symmetry breaking a la Coleman-Weinberg, and gives a natural solution to the hierarchy problem, free from fine-tuning. Besides the 125GeV SM-like Higgs particle, it predicts a new CP-even Higgs (serving as the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of scale symmetry breaking) and a CP-odd scalar singlet (providing the dark matter candidate) at weak scale. We systematically analyze experimental constraints from direct LHC Higgs searches and electroweak precision tests, as well as theoretical bounds from unitarity, triviality and vacuum stability. We demonstrate the viable parameter space, and discuss implications for new Higgs and dark matter (DM) searches at the upcoming LHC runs and for the on-going direct detections of DM.

hep-ph↗

Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to Upsilon(1S) pi+ pi- in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The results of a search for the bottomonium counterpart, denoted as Xb, of the exotic charmonium state X(3872) is presented. The analysis is based on a sample of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 inverse femtobarns. The search looks for the exclusive decay channel Xb to Upsilon(1S) pi+ pi- followed by Upsilon(1S) to mu+ mu-. No evidence for an Xb signal is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the inclusive production cross sections times the branching fractions to Upsilon(1S) pi+ pi- of the Xb and the Upsilon(2S). The upper limits on the ratio are in the range 0.9-5.4% for Xb masses between 10 and 11 GeV. These are the first upper limits on the production of a possible Xb at a hadron collider.

hep-ex↗

Angular analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay B0 to K*0 mu+ mu-

The angular distributions and the differential branching fraction of the decay B0 to K*(892)0 mu+ mu- are studied using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. From more than 400 signal decays, the forward-backward asymmetry of the muons, the K*(892)0 longitudinal polarization fraction, and the differential branching fraction are determined as a function of the square of the dimuon invariant mass. The measurements are in good agreement with standard model predictions.

hep-ex↗

Superheavy Particle Origin of IceCube PeV Neutrino Events

We interpret the PeV shower events observed by the IceCube collaboration as an s-channel enhancement of neutrino-quark scattering by a leptoquark that couples to the tau-flavor and light quarks. With a leptoquark mass of ~ 0.6 TeV and a steep 1/E^{2.3} neutrino flux, charged-current scattering gives shower events at ~ 1 PeV and neutral-current scattering gives shower events at ~ 0.5 PeV. This mechanism is also consistent with the paucity of muon-track events above 100 TeV.

hep-ph↗

Measurement of the Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) production cross sections are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.8 +/-1.4 inverse picobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The Upsilon resonances are identified through their decays to dimuons. Integrated over the Upsilon transverse momentum range pt[Upsilon] < 50 GeV and rapidity range abs(y[Upsilon]) < 2.4, and assuming unpolarized Upsilon production, the products of the Upsilon production cross sections and dimuon branching fractions are sigma(pp to Upsilon(1S) X) B(Upsilon(1S) to mu+ mu-) = (8.55 +/- 0.05 +0.56/-0.50 +/- 0.34) nb, sigma(pp to Upsilon(2S) X) B(Upsilon(2S) to mu+ mu-) = (2.21 +/- 0.03 +0.16/-0.14 +/- 0.09) nb, sigma(pp to Upsilon(3S) X) B(Upsilon(3S) to mu+ mu-) = (1.11 +/- 0.02 +0.10/-0.08 +/- 0.04) nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is from the uncertainty in the integrated luminosity. The differential cross sections in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity, and the cross section ratios are presented. Cross section measurements performed within a restricted muon kinematic range and not corrected for acceptance are also provided. These latter measurements are independent of Upsilon polarization assumptions. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and previous measurements.

hep-ex↗

Comparison of the Color Glass Condensate to multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

The first moment of the charged-particle transverse momentum spectrum and its correlation with the charged-particle multiplicity N_{ch} provide vital information about the underlying particle production mechanism. The ALICE collaboration recently reported that versus N_{ch} in Pb+Pb collisions is smaller than in p+p and p+Pb collisions. Other interesting features of data is rather flatness of at high N_{ch} in Pb+Pb and p+Pb collisions in seemingly striking contrast to the case of p+p collisions. With a detailed calculation, we show all these peculiar features in a wide range of energies and system sizes can be well described by the idea of gluon saturation within the Color Glass Condensate framework using the k_T-factorization. This establishes an important fact that the bulk of the produced particles in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC carries signature of the initial stage of collisions. We also show that the recent scaling property seen by the CMS collaboration between the number of tracks in p+p and p+Pb collisions may provide a strong evidence in favor of geometric-scaling phenomenon and gluon saturation, indicating that the underlying dynamics of high multiplicity events in p+p and p+Pb collisions should be similar.

hep-ph↗

Nuclear modification factor of D$^0$ mesons in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{t}$) spectrum of prompt D$^0$ mesons and their antiparticles has been measured via the hadronic decay channels D$^0 \to \mathrm{K}^- π^+$ and $\overline{\mathrm{D}}^0 \to \mathrm{K}^+ π^-$ in pp and PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the D$^0$ meson $p_\mathrm{t}$ range of 2-100 GeV and in the rapidity range of $|y| < $1. The pp (PbPb) dataset used for this analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$ (530 $μ$b$^{-1}$). The measured D$^0$ meson $p_\mathrm{t}$ spectrum in pp collisions is well described by perturbative QCD calculations. The nuclear modification factor, comparing D$^0$ meson yields in PbPb and pp collisions, was extracted for both minimum-bias and the 10% most central PbPb interactions. For central events, the D$^0$ meson yield in the PbPb collisions is suppressed by a factor of 5-6 compared to the pp reference in the $p_\mathrm{t}$ range of 6-10 GeV. For D$^0$ mesons in the high-$p_\mathrm{t}$ range of 60-100 GeV, a significantly smaller suppression is observed. The results are also compared to theoretical calculations.

nucl-ex↗

Search for $R$-parity violating supersymmetry in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV using b jets in a final state with a single lepton, many jets, and high sum of large-radius jet masses

Results are reported from a search for physics beyond the standard model in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV. The search uses a signature of a single lepton, large jet and bottom quark jet multiplicities, and high sum of large-radius jet masses, without any requirement on the missing transverse momentum in an event. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. No significant excess beyond the prediction from standard model processes is observed. The results are interpreted in terms of upper limits on the production cross section for $R$-parity violating supersymmetric extensions of the standard model using a benchmark model of gluino pair production, in which each gluino decays promptly via $ {\mathrm{\widetilde{g}}} \rightarrow \mathrm{t} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{s} $. Gluinos with a mass below 1610 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.

hep-ex↗

Probing the muon g_μ-2 anomaly, L_μ - L_τ gauge boson and Dark Matter in dark photon experiments

In the L_μ - L_τ model the 3.6$σ$ discrepancy between the predicted and measured values of the anomalous magnetic moment of positive muons can be explained by the existence of a new dark boson Z' with a mass in the sub-GeV range, which is coupled at tree level predominantly to the second and third lepton generations. However, at the one-loop level, the Z' coupling to electrons or quarks can be induced via the γ-Z' kinetic mixing, which is generated through the loop involving the muon and tau lepton. This loophole has important experimental consequences since it opens up new possibilities, in particular for the complementary searches of the Z' in the ongoing NA64 and incoming dark photon experiments with high-energy electrons. An extension of the model able to explain relic Dark Matter density is also discussed.

hep-ph↗

Electroweak Measurements in Electron-Positron Collisions at W-Boson-Pair Energies at LEP

Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron-positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron-positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose-Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, $M_W$ and $Γ_W$, the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, $B(W\to\mathrm{had})$, and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings $g^Z_1$, $κ_γ$ and $λ_γ$ are determined to be: M_W = 80.376 \pm 0.033 ~GeV Γ_W = 2.195 \pm 0.083 ~GeV B(W\to\mathrm{had}) = 67.41 \pm 0.27 % g^Z_1 = 0.984 ^{+0.018}_{-0.020} κ_γ= 0.982 \pm 0.042 λ_γ= -0.022 \pm 0.019

hep-ex↗

Two-photon laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium and the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio

Physical laws are believed to be invariant under the combined transformations of charge, parity and time reversal (CPT symmetry). This implies that an antimatter particle has exactly the same mass and absolute value of charge as its particle counterpart. Metastable antiprotonic helium ($\bar{p}{\rm He}^+$) is a three-body atom consisting of a normal helium nucleus, an electron in its ground state and an antiproton ($\bar{p}$) occupying a Rydberg state with high principal and angular momentum quantum numbers, respectively $n$ and $\ell$, such that $n\sim\ell\sim 38$. These atoms are amenable to precision laser spectroscopy, the results of which can in principle be used to determine the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio and to constrain the equality between the antiproton and proton charges and masses. Here we report two-photon spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium, in which $\bar{p}{\rm ^3He^+}$ and $\bar{p}{\rm ^4He^+}$ isotopes are irradiated by two counter-propagating laser beams. This excites nonlinear, two-photon transitions of the antiproton of the type $(n,\ell)\rightarrow (n-2,\ell-2)$ at deep-ultraviolet wavelengths ($λ$=139.8, 193.0 and 197.0nm), which partly cancel the Doppler broadening of the laser resonance caused by the thermal motion of the atoms. The resulting narrow spectral lines allowed us to measure three transition frequencies with fractional precisions of 2.3-5 parts in $10^9$. By comparing the results with three-body quantum electrodynamics calculations, we derived an antiproton-to-electron mass ratio of 1,836.1526736(23), where the parenthetical error represents one standard deviation. This agrees with the proton-to-electron value known to a similar precision.

physics.atom-ph↗

Sub-PeV Neutrinos from TeV Unidentified Sources in the Galaxy

The IceCube collaboration discovery of 28 high-energy neutrinos over the energy range 30 TeV <~ E_nu <~ 1 PeV, a 4.3-sigma excess over expected backgrounds, represents the first high-confidence detection of cosmic neutrinos at these energies. In light of this discovery, we explore the possibility that some of the Sub-PeV cosmic neutrinos might originate in our Galaxy's TeV unidentified (TeV UnID) sources. While typically resolved at TeV energies, these sources lack prominent radio or X-ray counterparts, and so have been considered promising sites for hadron acceleration within our Galaxy. Modeling the TeV UnID sources as Galactic hypernova remnants, we predict Sub-PeV neutrino fluxes and spectra consistent with their contributing a minority of n_nu <~ 2 of the observed events. This is consistent with our analysis of the spatial distribution of the Sub-PeV neutrinos and TeV UnID sources, which finds that a best-fit of one, and maximum of 3.8 (at 90%-confidence), of the ~16 non-atmospheric Sub-PeV neutrinos may originate in TeV UnID sources, with the remaining 75% to 95% of events being drawn from an isotropic background. If our scenario is correct, we expect excess Sub-PeV neutrinos to accumulate along the Galactic plane, within |l| <~ 30 deg of the Galactic center and in the Cygnus region, as observations by IceCube and other high-energy neutrino facilities go forward. Our scenario also has implications for radio, X-ray, and TeV observations of the TeV UnID sources.

astro-ph.HE↗

Volume Fluctuation and Autocorrelation Effects in the Moment Analysis of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Moments (Variance ($σ^2$), Skewness($S$), Kurtosis($κ$)) of multiplicity distributions of conserved quantities, such as net-baryon,net-charge and net-strangeness, are predicted to be sensitive to the correlation length of the system and connected to the thermodynamic susceptibilities computed in Lattice QCD and Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. In this paper, we present several measurement artifacts that could lead to volume fluctuation and auto-correlation effects in the moment analysis of net-proton multiplicity distributions in heavy-ion collisions using the UrQMD model. We discuss methods to overcome these artifacts so that the extracted moments could be used to obtain physical conclusions. In addition we present methods to properly estimate the statistical errors in moment analysis.

nucl-ex↗

No-Scale F-SU(5) in the Light of LHC, Planck and XENON

We take stock of the No-Scale F-SU(5) model's experimental status and prospects in the light of results from LHC, Planck, and XENON100. Given that no conclusive evidence for light Supersymmetry (SUSY) has emerged from the 7, 8 TeV collider searches, the present work is focused on exploring and clarifying the precise nature of the high-mass cutoff enforced on this model at the point where the stau and neutralino mass degeneracy becomes so tight that cold dark matter relic density observations cannot be satisfied. This hard upper boundary on the model's mass scale constitutes a top-down theoretical mandate for a comparatively light (and testable) SUSY spectrum which does not excessively stress natural resolution of the gauge hierarchy problem. The overlap between the resulting model boundaries and the expected sensitivities of the future 14 TeV LHC and XENON 1-Ton direct detection SUSY / dark matter experiments is described.

hep-ph↗

A study on analytic parametrizations for proton-proton cross-sections and asymptotia

A comparative study on some representative parametrizations for the total and elastic cross-sections as a function of energy is presented. The dataset comprises pp and \bar{p}p scattering in the c.m energy interval 5 GeV-8 TeV. The parametrization for the total cross-section at low and intermediate energies follows the usual reggeonic structure (non-degenerate trajectories). For the leading high-energy pomeron contribution, we consider three distinct analytic parametrizations: either a power (P) law, or a log-squared (L2) law or a log-raised-to-gamma (Lgamma) law, where the exponent gamma is treated as a real free fit parameter. The parametrizations are also extended to fit the elastic (integrated) cross-section data in the same energy interval. Our main conclusions are the following: the data reductions with the logarithmic laws show strong dependence on the unknown energy scale involved, which is treated here either as a free parameter or fixed at the energy threshold; the fit results with the P law, the L2 law (free scale) and the Lgamma law (fixed scale and exponent gamma above 2) are all consistent within their uncertainties and with the experimental data up to 7 TeV, but they partially underestimate the high-precision TOTEM measurement at 8 TeV; once compared with these results, the L2 law with fixed scale is less consistent with the data and, in the case of a free scale, this pomeron contribution decreases as the energy increases below the scale factor (which lies above the energy cutoff); in all cases investigated, the predictions for the asymptotic ratio between the elastic and total cross-sections, within the uncertainties, do not exceed the value 0.430 (therefore, below the black-disc limit) and the results favor rational limits between 1/3 and 2/5. We are led to conclude that the rise of the hadronic cross-sections at the highest energies still constitutes an open problem.

hep-ph↗