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arXiv2014

Masses of Fundamental Particles

In the original paper entitled, "Masses of Fundamental Particles"(arXiv:1109.3705v5, 10 Feb 2012), not only the masses of fundamental particles including the weak bosons, Higgs boson, quarks, and leptons, but also the mixing angles of quarks and those of neutrinos are all explained and/or predicted in the unified composite models of quarks and leptons successfully. In this addendum entitled, "Higgs Boson Mass in the Minimal Unified Subquark Model", it is emphasized that the Higgs boson mass is predicted to be about 130Gev in the minimal unified subquark model, which agrees well with the experimental values of 125-126GeV recently found by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the LHC.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Zero Energy Travel

It is fundamentally possible to travel with zero energy based on Newton Laws of Motion. According to the first law of motion, a body will continue to travel for infinite distance unless it is acted upon by another force. For a body in motion, the force which stops perpetual motion is friction. However, there are many circumstances that friction is zero, for example in space, where there is vacuum. On earth, gravity makes objects to be in constant contact with each other generating friction but technology exists to separate them in the air using powerful magnetic forces. At low speeds, the friction caused by air is minimal but we can create vacuum even on land for high speed travel. Another condition for travelling is for it to stop at its destination. On land, we can recover the kinetic energy back into electrical energy using brushless permanent magnet generators. These generators can also convert electric energy into kinetic energy in order to provide motion. This article reviews technologies that will allow us to travel with zero energy. It is easier to do it on land but in the air, it is not obvious.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2015

A Bound on Equipartition of Energy

In this article we want to demonstrate that the time-scale constraints for a thermodynamic system imply the new concept of {\it equipartition of energy bound} (EEB) or, more generally, a thermodynamical bound for the {\it partition} of energy. We theorized and discussed the possibility to put an upper limit to the equipartition factor for a fluid of particles. This could be interpreted as a sort of transcription of the entropy bounds from quantum-holographic sector: the EEB number $π^{2}/2 = 4.93$, obtained from a comparison between the Margolus-Levitin quantum theorem and the TTT bound for relaxation times by Hod, seems like a special value for the thermodynamics of particle systems. This bound has been related to the idea of an extremal statistics and independently traced in a statistical mechanics framework, analyzing the mathematical behavior of the distributions which obey to a thermodynamical statistics with a power law greater than the planckian one.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Towards E_8 * E_8 Unification

We present a framework having the potential to unify the fundamental interactions in nature by introducing new degrees of freedom. An attempt is made to explain the hierarchy between the weak scale and the coupling unification scale, which is found to lie close to Planck energies. A novel process leading to the emergence of symmetry is proposed, which not only reduces the arbitrariness of the scenario proposed but is also followed by significant cosmological implications. Phenomenology includes the probability of detection of mirror fermions via the corresponding composite bosonic states and the relevant quantum corrections at the LHC.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Neutron Production from the Fracture of Piezoelectric Rocks

A theoretical explanation is provided for the experimental evidence that fracturing piezoelectric rocks produces neutrons. The elastic energy micro-crack production ultimately yields the macroscopic fracture. The mechanical energy is converted by the piezoelectric effect into electric field energy. The electric field energy decays via radio frequency (microwave) electric field oscillations. The radio frequency electric fields accelerate the condensed matter electrons which then collide with protons producing neutrons and neutrinos.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Neutrinos superluminality and Local Lorentz Invariance

The recent measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam, on whose basis it was found that (v-c)/c = (2.48 \pm 0.28 (stat.) \pm 0.30 (sys.)) 10e-5, does not contain any significant violation of Local Lorentz Invariance (LLI), since the corresponding value of the parameter delta=(u/c)^2-1, that represents the upper limit of the breakdown of LLI, is at least three orders of magnitude higher than the known lower limit reported in literature and is compatible with the values estimated by other experiments carried out so far.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Fast Light, Fast Neutrinos?

In certain media, light has been observed with group velocities faster than the speed of light. The recent OPERA report of superluminal 17 GeV neutrinos may describe a similar phenomenon.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2018

Could Dark Energy be a Manifestation of Gravity?

It is shown that so-called dark energy could possible be a manifestation of the gravitational vortex producing the "gravitomagnetic" (GM) force field: associated with cosmic matter rotation and inertial spacetime frame dragging. The general relativistic Godel-Obukhov spacetime metric which incorporates expansion and rotation of the Universe is used to evaluate this force. This metric is expressed here in spherical comoving coordinates. Through a cosmic time evolution, it is shown that cosmic acceleration is expected when the magnitude of the radial repulsive GM force exceeds that of the familiar or usual attractive gravitational "gravitoelectric" (GE) force: associated with just cosmic matter and spacetime warping (or curvature). In general, this phenomenon of cosmic accelerated expansion appears to have occurred twice in the history of the Universe: the inflationary phase and the present-day acceleration phase. It is suggested in this model that the two phases may or may not be related. The cosmological model presented here is described in the context of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity in Riemann-Cartan spacetime (the "generalized" Einstein- Cartan theory of gravity), which includes cosmic rotation, its effect of spacetime torsion, and it being considered as an intrinsic part of gravity. Also, an associated derived analytical expression for the cosmic primordial magnetic field is presented. Evolving this magnetic field over cosmic time shows it to be consistent with theory and observations. In addition, it appears that the spin density of cosmic matter couples this magnetic field to the GM field, and also couples this magnetic field to the GE field.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

On the report of discovery of superluminal neutrinos

So far, none of the known and confirmed experiments have cast any doubts on foundations of special relativity (SR) (see, e.g., experiments on superluminal quantum tunneling [1-3]). The same is true regarding the impact of quantum non-locality; as we know it today, in no way does it challenge SR [4, 5]. In this brief comment we argue that even if the superluminal neutrinos do exist, this fact by itself will not overturn Relativity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Dissipation of Modified Entropic Gravitational Energy Through Gravitational Waves

The phenomenological nature of a new gravitational type interaction between two different bodies derived from Verlinde's entropic approach to gravitation in combination with Sorkin's definition of Universe's quantum information content, is investigated. Assuming that the energy stored in this entropic gravitational field is dissipated under the form of gravitational waves and that the Heisenberg principle holds for this system, one calculates a possible value for an absolute minimum time scale in nature $τ=15/16 \frac{Λ^{1/2}\hbar G}{c^4}\sim9.27\times10^{-105}$ seconds, which is much smaller than the Planck time $t_{P}=(\hbar G/c^5)^{1/2}\sim 5.38\times10^{-44}$ seconds. This appears together with an absolute possible maximum value for Newtonian gravitational forces generated by matter $F_g=32/30\frac{c^7}{Λ\hbar G^2}\sim 3.84\times 10^{165}$ Newtons, which is much higher than the gravitational field between two Planck masses separated by the Planck length $F_{gP}=c^4/G\sim1.21\times10^{44}$ Newtons.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Is OPERA Neutrino Superluminal Propagation similar to Gain-Assisted Superluminal Light Propagation

In this work we consider a possible conceptual similarity between recent, amazing OPERA experiment of the superluminal propagation of neutrino and experiment of the gain-assisted superluminal light propagation realized about ten years ago. Last experiment refers on the propagation of the light, precisely laser pulse through a medium, precisely caesium atomic gas, with characteristic anomalous dispersion and corresponding negative group-velocity index with very large amplitude between two closely spaced gain lines (that is in some way similar to quantum theory of the ferromagnetism). It implies superluminal propagation of the light through this medium. Nevertheless all this, at it has been pointed out by authors, "is not at odds with causality or special relativity", since it simply represents "a direct consequence of the classical interference between ... different frequency components". We suggest that OPERA experiment can be in some way conceptually similar to the gain-assisted superluminal light propagation experiment. For this reason we suppose too that OPERA experiment can be simply explained in full agreement with causality and special relativity if there is some medium, precisely a scalar field (e.g. dark matter field, Higgs field or similar) through which neutrino propagates. We prove that, according to OPERA experiment data, supposed medium must be non-dispersive while its refractive index must be positive, smaller but relatively close to 1 (that is in some way similar to quantum theory of the diamagnetism). If it is true OPERA experiment results do not mean that special theory of relativity is broken, but they mean detection of suggested medium, i.e. a scalar field (e.g. dark matter field, Higgs field or similar).

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

On the mathematical sense of renormalization

We place the renormalization procedure in quantum field theory into the familiar mathematical context of quantization of Poisson algebras. The Poisson algebra in question is the algebra of classical field theory Hamiltonians constructed in a previous paper (arXiv:1008.3333). Its quantum deformations presumably contain (non-canonically) the algebra of functional differential operators. We explain that this picture contains renormalization as a natural ingredient.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Space and Time

IIn the paper the Space-Time problem is considered as it seen in the informational conception ("the Information as Absolute" conception) comparing with a number of existent physical and philosophical approaches. Since the conception is rigorously grounded (for the conception the existence, the truth, the self-consistence and the completeness are proven), the notions "Space" and "Time" - which cannot be deduced from physics itself since are Meta-physical notions - obtain reasonable elucidation that is presented in the paper.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Superluminal neutrinos

The superluminal propagation of neutrinos observed by the OPERA collaboration can be explained by an energy dependent potential for the neutrino beam in passage through the Earth.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

The influence of Earth rotation in neutrino speed measurements between CERN and the OPERA detector

The OPERA neutrino experiment at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory recently reported, in arXiv:1109.4897v1, high-accuracy velocity measurements of neutrinos from the CERN CNGS beam over the 730 km distance between the two laboratories. This raised significant interest, as the observed neutrinos appeared to arrive at the OPERA detector about 60 ns (or equivalently 18 m) earlier than would have been expected if they had traveled at the speed of light, with high statistical significance. As the authors did not indicate whether and how they took into account the Coriolis or Sagnac effect that Earth's rotation has on the (southeastwards traveling) neutrinos, this brief note quantifies this effect. It would explain a 2.2 ns later arrival time.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Special Theory for Superluminal Particle

The OPERA collaboration reported evidence for muonic neutrinos travelling faster than light in vacuum. In this paper, an extended relativity theory is proposed. We think all particles can be divided into three kinds: The first kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $0\leq v < c$, e.g. electron, atom, molecule and so on ($c$ is light velocity, i.e., the limit velocity of the first kind of particle). The second kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $0\leq v < c_{m1}$, e.g. photon ($c_{m1}$ is the limit velocity of the second kind of particle). The third kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $c\leq v < c_{m2}$, e.g. tachyon, and muonic neutrinos ($c_{m2}$ is the limit velocity of the third kind of particle). The first kind of particle is described by the special relativity. With the extended relativity theory, we can describe the second and third kinds particles, and can analysis the OPERA experiment results and calculate the muonic neutrinos mass.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Relativistic Theory of Superluminal Particles

Since some experiments have found superluminality, we assume that the particles in the universe are divided into three classes: the subluminal, luminal and superluminal particles by the speed of light, their energy-momenum relations are E2 = m2c4 + c2p2, E2 = c2p2, and E2 + m2c4 = c2p2, respectively. The Einstein's theory of relativity still holds and is consummated by the existence of superluminal particles, and the Lorentz symmetry of the spacetime is also not violated. There should have two sets of inertial reference systems: subluminal and superluminal reference systems. Two inertial reference systems in each set are linked by Lorentz transformations, but superluminal coordinate transformations between the two sets do not exist in the 1+3 dimensional spacetime. So the physical laws have different expressions in the two sets of inertial reference systems, the principle of special relativity should be revised.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Wormholes supported by two non-interacting fluids

We provide a new matter source that supplies fuel to construct wormhole spacetime. The exact wormhole solutions are found in the model having, besides real matter, an anisotropic dark energy. We have shown that the exotic matters that are the necessary ingredients for wormhole physics violate null and weak energy conditions but obey strong energy condition marginally. Though the wormhole comprises of exotic matters yet the effective mass remains positive. We have calculated the effective mass of the wormhole up to 8 km from the throat (assuming throat radius as 4 km) as $1.3559M_\odot $. Some physical features are briefly discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗