Searcharxiv⌕ Search

SEARCH · Searcharxiv

Results for “physics.gen-ph”

Search indexed arXiv papers on artificial intelligence, large language models, computer vision and robotics. Read source abstracts and follow links to arXiv.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
arXiv2012

Hydrogen Geysers: Explanation for Observed Evidence of Geologically Recent Volatile-Related Activity on Mercury's Surface

High resolution images of Mercury's surface, from the MESSENGER spacecraft, reveal many bright deposits associated with irregular, shallow, rimless depressions whose origins were attributed to volatile-related activity, but absent information on the nature and origin of that volatile matter. Here I describe planetary formation, unlike the cited models, and show that primordial condensation from an atmosphere of solar composition at pressures of one atmosphere or above will lead to iron condensing as a liquid and dissolving copious amounts of hydrogen, which is subsequently released as Mercury's core solidifies and escapes from the surface, yielding the observed pit-like features with associated highly-reflecting matter. The exiting hydrogen chemically reduces some iron compound, probably iron sulfide, to the metal, which accounts for the bright deposits.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Can be OPERA neutrino as tachyonic chameleon?

Whether there is a superluminal object existing in the real world is a mystery in modern physics. Recently, OPERA collaboration claims that they have observed superluminal neutrinos in their experiments. This leads to a rest mass paradox by combining the observational results from SN1987A, if one considers the neutrino as a tachyon. In this paper, we identify the neutrino as a tachyonic chameleon, whose mass depends not only on coordinate frame but also on the environment, in which the neutrino propagates without the need of violation of the Lorentz-invariance at a fundamental level. We have compared our results with these observations and made some predictions that can be tested in the near future. Also, we have clarified the concept of rest mass for subluminal and superluminal object.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

On the simplified tree graphs in gravity

Firstly, I give the reason why is wrong my previously made assumption that the volume integral over the pressure may not be zero in a system where the gravitation plays no role in holding the system together. Secondly, in the first nonlinear approximation I obtain the inner and outer Schwarzschild solutions in harmonic and isotropic coordinates in two different ways. One way is to start from standard solution and make the appropriate coordinate transformation. The other way is to use the perturbation theory with elements of Schwinger and Weinberg source approach. This latter method is applicable in general case and it is useful to study all its peculiarities on known simple example such as Schwarzschild solution. It turns out that this method is simpler then S-metrics approach (previously made by Duff) and more informative as it it shows which contribution comes from what region of space.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

On the rare B_s to two muons decay and noncontractibility of the physical space

It is very well known that the rare electroweak processes could be very sensitive to the physics beyond the Standard Model. These processes are described with quantum loop diagrams containing also heavy particles. We show that the electroweak theory with the noncontractible space, as a symmetry-breaking mechanism without the Higgs scalar, essentially changes the Standard Model prediction of the branching ratio of the B_s meson decaying to two muons. The branching ratio is lower by more than 30% compared with the Standard Model result. Although the measurements are very challenging, the implications on the selection of the symmetry-breaking mechanism could be decisive.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Common-View Mode Synchronization as a source of error in Measurement of Time of Flight of neutrinos at the CERN-LNGS experiment

The CERN-LNGS time-of-flight experiment (of neutrinos) represents a significant challenge to the special theory of relativity and needs to be addressed either as a source of new physics, or as an un-remedied experimental error. There have been several attempts at using new physics to explain the results, while a few unpublished results exist that address the experimental errors that might lead to the same result. In particular, a recent calculation by van Elburg [2] indicates a potential flaw in the OPERA experiment [1] that represents a source of potential error, i.e., that the motion of the synchronizing GPS satellites causes the clocks to go out of synchronization. Unfortunately, there are several misconceptions about how GPS satellites work that pervade the paper. In addition, the principal contention of the paper, that the experiment is being timed by a moving clock is not substantiated in the analysis. This paper substantiates the point, as well as introduces a new source of error in the "common-view" method of synchronization of clocks.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

On the uniqueness of the Standard Model of particle physics

The running strong coupling $α(Q)_s$ and the gluon propagator from QCD have been compared to similar quantities in the quanton model, a generalisation of QED with massless fermions (quantons) and scalar coupling of boson fields. In the latter model a series of bound states (which can be related to different flavours) have been obtained. Assuming a weighting of their momentum distributions with the average momentum $\tilde Q_i$ of each state, a running of the coupling $α(Q)$ is obtained, which is in quantitative agreement with $α_s(Q)$ from QCD. Also with a similar weighting the gluon propagator from lattice QCD simulations is well described. This indicates clearly that QCD and thus the Standard Model is not a unique description of fundamental interactions. Different from the Standard Model, the quanton model is simple and yields bound states with correct masses. This may indicate that this model yields a more realistic description of fundamental forces.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Density of vacuum energy for multidimensional model of Kazner with scalar field and cosmological birth of particles

In the work's considered density of vacuum energy and dynamic of scalar field in multidimensional theory with cosmological constant. Using method of N.N.Bogolubov coefficients, was gotten expression for influence of anisotropic metric to vacuum energy. Obtained the effective mass of massles scalar field, that depends on cosmological constant, and some general theoretical results concerning arising of particles in the model.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Certain Interesting Properties of Action and Its Application Towards Achieving Greater Organization in Complex Systems

The Principle of Least Action has evolved and established itself as the most basic law of physics. This allows us to see how this fundamental law of nature determines the development of the system towards states with less action, i.e., organized states. A system undergoing a natural process is formulated as a game that tends to organize the system in the least possible time. Also, other concepts of game theory are related to their profound physical counterparts. Although no fundamentally new findings are provided, it is quite interesting to see certain important properties of a complex system and their far-reaching consequences.

nlin.AO↗
arXiv2015

The Dark Energy Universe

Some seventy five years ago, the concept of dark matter was introduced by Zwicky to explain the anomaly of galactic rotation curves, though there is no clue to its identity or existence to date. In 1997, the author had introduced a model of the universe which went diametrically opposite to the existing paradigm which was a dark matter assisted decelarating universe. The new model introduces a dark energy driven accelarating universe though with a small cosmological constant. The very next year this new picture was confirmed by the Supernova observations of Perlmutter, Riess and Schmidt. These astronomers got the 2011 Nobel Prize for this dramatic observation. All this is discussed briefly, including the fact that dark energy may obviate the need for dark matter.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Integrable Quantum Computation

Integrable quantum computation is defined as quantum computing via the integrable condition, in which two-qubit gates are either nontrivial unitary solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation or the Swap gate (permutation). To make the definition clear, in this article, we explore the physics underlying the quantum circuit model, and then present a unified description on both quantum computing via the Bethe ansatz and quantum computing via the Yang--Baxter equation.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Emergence of space-time and gravitation

In relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary particles are described by irreducible unitary representations of the Poincare group. The same applies to the center-of-mass kinematics of a multi-particle system that is not subject to external forces. As shown in a previous article, for spin-1/2 particles, irreducibility leads to a correlation between the particles that has the structure of the electromagnetic interaction, as described by the perturbation algorithm of quantum electrodynamics. The present article examines the consequences of irreducibility for a multi-particle system of spinless particles. In this case, irreducibility causes a gravitational force, which in the classical limit is described by the field equations of conformal gravity. The strength of this force has the same order of magnitude as the strength of the empirical gravitational force.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

About a possible path towards the reverse engineering of quantum mechanics

An out of the box intellectual path exploring the foundations of quantum mechanics is discussed in some detail, in order to clarify why a possibly different way to look at the relevant fundamental questions can be identified and can support further research. Two key concepts arise. (1) Einstein critics to quantum mechanics could be taken seriously, but ironically, in order to really do so, one would have to take seriously also some of Lorentz critics to special relativity - both in a possibly more modern way; such interconnection possibly having been a blocking factor to openly discuss some of the cross implications of alternative views about quantum mechanics to date. (2) The probabilistic interpretation is a by-product of (a) quantum evolution equations, (b) conservation laws for the combination of measuring system and measured object and (c) persistency of calibration of the measuring system - as such there is no intellectual conflict whatsoever between hidden variables theories and probabilistic interpretation, provided we consider multicomponent hidden variable models and we allow for the existence of an underlying network. The implications of such concepts, in particular for the development of a microscopic quantisation program, are heuristically discussed or preliminarily explored.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Heisenberg uncertainty principle and economic analogues of basic physical quantities

From positions, attained by modern theoretical physics in understanding of the universe bases, the methodological and philosophical analysis of fundamental physical concepts and their formal and informal connections with the real economic measurings is carried out. Procedures for heterogeneous economic time determination, normalized economic coordinates and economic mass are offered, based on the analysis of time series, the concept of economic Plank's constant has been proposed. The theory has been approved on the real economic dynamic's time series, including stock indices, Forex and spot prices, the achieved results are open for discussion.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Scale invariance in cosmology and physics

The fundamental laws of physics are required to be invariant under local spatial scale change. In 3-dimensional space, this leads to a variation in Planck constant \hbar and speed of light c. They vary as \hbar ~ a^(1/2) and c ~ a^(-1/2), a is the local scale. A direct consequence is that the expanding universe progressively alters the values of c which in turn affects the evolution of the universe itself. Friedmann eqns violate scale invariance and neglect to account for the scale dependency of c. We build a cosmological model which is fully consistent with scale invariance and respects Lorentz invariance. This model leads to a universe different from the ones depicted in Friedmann model. We apply our model to resolve a series of observational and theoretical difficulties in modern cosmology: "runaway density parameter" problem, budgetary shortfall, horizon problem, eg. Our model does not resort to inflation hypothesis. We derive a modification to the Hubble law and Hubble constant, and a new brightness-redshift relationship for Type Ia supernovae: (a) Hubble constant has been inadvertently overestimated by a factor of 9/5; so has the critical density by (9/5)^2; (b) Our new photometric distance-redshift relationship d_L=2c/(3H0)*(1+z)^(5/6)\ln(1+z) with one parameter H0=37 fits to the high-$z$ objects as equally well as the traditional relationship does with three parameters H0=70.5, OmegaM=0.27, OmegaL=0.73. We draw two conclusions: (i) With H0=37, the critical density is only 0.28 time the value previously thought; dark energy is absent. (ii) H0=37 restores the age estimate to 17.6 Gy (via t_0=2/(3H0)). They also raise the possibility that the universe expansion is not accelerating, but rather a result of c progressively adapting to new spatial scale as the universe expands. Finally, we discuss an array of implications of scale invariance in the larger context of physics.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

Modeling and Deciphering on Two Spin-polariton Entanglement Experiments in NV Centers of Diamond

This work is a theoretical investigation on the spin-polariton (polarized single photon) entanglement in nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond in order to interpret the results of two landmark experiments reported by the teams of Buckley and Togan in Science and Nature. A Jaynes-Cummings model is applied to analyze the off- and on-resonant dynamics of the electronic spin and polarized photon system. Combined with the analysis on the NV center's electron structure and transition rules, this model consistently explained the Faraday effect, Optical Stark effect, pulse echo technology and energy level engineering technology in the way to realize the spin-polariton entanglement in diamond. All theoretical results are consistent well with the reported phenomena and data. This essay essentially aims at applying the fundamental skills the author has learned in Quantum Optics and Nonlinear Optics, especially to the interesting materials not covered in class, in assignments and examinations, such as calculation on matrix form of Hamiltonian, quantum optical dynamics with dressed state analysis, entanglement and so on.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Electron wave-functions in a magnetic field

The problem of a single electron in a magnetic field is revisited from first principles. It is shown that the standard quantization, used by Landau, is inconsistent for this problem, whence Landau's wave functions spontaneously break the gauge symmetry of translations in the plane. Because of this Landau's (and Fock's) wave functions have a spurious second quantum number. The one-body wave function of the physical orbit, with only one quantum number, is derived, and expressed as a superposition of Landau's wave functions. Conversely, it is shown that Landau's wave functions are a limiting case of physical solutions of a different problem, where two quantum numbers naturally appear. When the translation gauge symmetry is respected, the degeneracy related to the choice of orbit center does not appear in the one-body problem.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Quantum resonance scheme to determine the gravitational constant G

Building on the principles of quantum electrodynamics and special relativity, we develop a semi-classical QED theory of gravitation. The experiment model for theoretical analysis is the "hyperfine splitting" of the ground energy state of hydrogen atoms. As the verification and validation by Newton's final experiment, Newton's gravity constant G has been determined by this new approach, G = 6.67221937(40)*10^(-11) N m2 /kg2. The result shows that, the gravitational constant G is really a universal constant in free space, and can be determined just by the more fundamental constants in physics.

physics.gen-ph↗