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The SU(2) invariant massive Thirring model with a boundary is considered on the basis of the vertex operator approach. The bosonic formulae are presented for the vacuum vector and its dual in the presence of the boundary. The integral representations are also given for form factors of the present model.
Gorsky et al. presented an explicit construction of Whitham deformations of the Seiberg-Witten curve for the $SU(N+1)$ $\calN = 2$ SUSY Yang-Mills theory. We extend their result to all classical gauge groups and some other cases such as the spectral curve of the $A^{(2)}_{2N}$ affine Toda Toda system. Our construction, too, uses fractional powers of the superpotential $W(x)$ that characterizes the curve. We also consider the $u$-plane integral of topologically twisted theories on four-dimensional manifolds $X$ with $b_2^{+}(X) = 1$ in the language of these explicitly constructed Whitham deformations and an integrable hierarchy of the KdV type hidden behind.
The bihamiltonian structure of the N=2 Supersymmetric Boussinesq equation is found. It is not reduced to the corresponding classical structure and hence it describes the pure supersymmetric effect. For the supersymmetric Boussinesq equation which contains the classical partner the Lax pair is given explicitly. Thus we prove the integrability of the equation.
In this paper we show how the well-know local symmetries of Lagrangeans systems, and in particular the diffeomorphism invariance, emerge in the Hamiltonian formulation. We show that only the constraints which are linear in the momenta generate transformations which correspond to symmetries of the corresponding Lagrangean system. The nonlinear constraints (which we have, for instance, in gravity, supergravity and string theory) rather generate the dynamics of the corresponding Lagrangean system. Only in a very special combination with "trivial" transformations proportional to the equations of motion do they lead to symmetry transformations. We reveal the importance of these special "trivial" transformations for the interconnection theorems which relate the symmetries of a system with its dynamics. We prove these theorems for general Hamiltonian systems. We apply the developed formalism to concrete physically relevant systems and in particular those which are diffeomorphism invariant. The connection between the parameters of the symmetry transformations in the Hamiltonian- and Lagrangean formalisms is found. The possible applications of our results are discussed.
We demonstrate that the generalization of the relativistic Toda chain (RTC) is a special reduction of two-dimensional Toda Lattice hierarchy (2DTL). This reduction implies that the RTC is gauge equivalent to the discrete AKNS hierarchy and, which is the same, to the two-component Volterra hierarchy while its forced (semi-infinite) variant is described by the unitary matrix integral. The integrable properties of the RTC hierarchy are revealed in different frameworks of: Lax representation, orthogonal polynomial systems, and $τ$-function approach. Relativistic Toda molecule hierarchy is also considered, along with the forced RTC. Some applications to biorthogonal polynomial systems are discussed.
We study the conformal properties of the multi-constraint KP hierarchy and its nonstandard partner by covariantizing their corresponding Lax operators. The associated second Hamiltonian structures turn out to be nonlocal extension of $W_n$ algebra by some integer or half-integer spin fields depending on the order of the Lax operators. In particular, we show that the complicated second Hamiltonian structure of the nonstandard multi-constraint KP hierarchy can be simplified by factorizing its Lax operator to multiplication form. We then diagonalize this simplified Poisson matrix and obtain the free-field realizations of its associated nonlocal algebras.
It is shown that the 3-body trigonometric G_2 integrable system is exactly-solvable. If the configuration space is parametrized by certain symmetric functions of the coordinates then, for arbitrary values of the coupling constants, the Hamiltonian can be expressed as a quadratic polynomial in the generators of some Lie algebra of differential operators in a finite-dimensional representation. Four infinite families of eigenstates, represented by polynomials, and the corresponding eigenvalues are described explicitly.
A recently proposed strongly correlated electron system associated with the Temperley-Lieb algebra is solved by means of the coordinate Bethe ansatz for periodic and closed boundary conditions.
Using quasiclassical limit of Baxter's 8 - vertex R - matrix, an elliptic generalization of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation is constructed. Via Off-Shell Bethe ansatz an integrable representation for this equation is obtained. It is shown that there exists a gauge transformation connecting this equation with Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard equation for SU(2)-WZNW model on torus.
We extend the standard intertwining relations used in Supersymmetrical (SUSY) Quantum Mechanics which involve real superpotentials to complex superpotentials. This allows to deal with a large class of non-hermitean Hamiltonians and to study in general the isospectrality between complex potentials. In very specific cases we can construct in a natural way "quasi-complex" potentials which we define as complex potentials having a global property such as to lead to a Hamiltonian with real spectrum. We also obtained a class of complex transparent potentials whose Hamiltonian can be intertwined to a free Hamiltonian. We provide a variety of examples both for the radial problem (half axis) and for the standard one-dimensional problem (the whole axis), including remarks concerning scattering problems.
In the past 30 years there have been extensive discoveries in the theory of integrable statistical mechanical models including the discovery of non-linear differential equations for Ising model correlation functions, the theory of random impurities, level crossing transitions in the chiral Potts model and the use of Rogers-Ramanujan identities to generalize our concepts of Bose/Fermi statistics. Each of these advances has led to the further discovery of major unsolved problems of great mathematical and physical interest. I will here discuss the mathematical advances, the physical insights and extraordinary lack of visibility of this field of physics.
The standard format of matrices belonging to Lie superalgebras consists of partitioning the matrices into even and odd blocks. In this paper, we study other possible matrix formats and in particular the so-called diagonal format which naturally occurs in various applications, e.g. in superconformal field theory, superintegrable models, for super W-algebras and quantum supergroups.
This is a review article in which we will introduce, in a unifying fashion and with more intermediate steps in some difficult calculations, two infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of quantum matrix models, one for the open string sector and one for the closed string sector. Physical observables of quantum matrix models in the large-N limit can be expressed as elements of these Lie algebras. We will see that both algebras arise as quotient algebras of a larger Lie algebra. We will also discuss some properties of these Lie algebras not published elsewhere yet, and briefly review their relationship with well-known algebras like the Cuntz algebra, the Witt algebra and the Virasoro algebra. We will also review how Yang--Mills theory, various low energy effective models of string theory, quantum gravity, string-bit models, and quantum spin chain models can be formulated as quantum matrix models. Studying these algebras thus help us understand the common symmetry of these physical systems.
A zero-field Ising model with ferromagnetic coupling constants on the so-called Labyrinth tiling is investigated. Alternatively, this can be regarded as an Ising model on a square lattice with a quasi-periodic distribution of up to eight different coupling constants. The duality transformation on this tiling is considered and the self-dual couplings are determined. Furthermore, we analyze the subclass of exactly solvable models in detail parametrizing the coupling constants in terms of four rapidity parameters. For those, the self-dual couplings correspond to the critical points which, as expected, belong to the Onsager universality class.
We discuss an interrelation between quantum integrable models and classical soliton equations with discretized time. It appeared that spectral characteristics of quantum integrable systems may be obtained from entirely classical set up. Namely, the eigenvalues of the quantum transfer matrix and the scattering $S$-matrix itself are identified with a certain $τ$-functions of the discrete Liouville equation. The Bethe ansatz equations are obtained as dynamics of zeros. For comparison we also present the Bethe ansatz equations for elliptic solutions of the classical discrete Sine-Gordon equation. The paper is based on the recent study of classical integrable structures in quantum integrable systems, hep-th/9604080.
The symmetry algebra $P_\infty = W_\infty \oplus H \oplus I_\infty$ of integrable systems is defined. As an example the classical Sophus Lie point symmetries of all higher KP equations are obtained. It is shown that one (``positive'') half of the point symmetries belongs to the $W_\infty$ symmetries while the other (``negative'') part belongs to the $I_\infty$ ones. The corresponing action on the tau-function is obtained for the positive part of the symmetries. The negative part can not be obtained from the free fermion algebra. A new embedding of the Virasoro algebra into $gl(\infty )$n describes conformal transformations of the KP time variables. A free fermion algebra cocycle is described as a PDO Lie algebra cocycle.
This is a very elementary introduction to the Heisenberg (XXX) quantum spin chain, the Yang-Baxter equation, and the algebraic Bethe Ansatz.
The bosonic su(n) Hubbard model was recently introduced. The model was shown to be integrable in one dimension by exhibiting the infinite set of conserved quantities. I derive the R-matrix and use it to show that the conserved charges commute among themselves. This new matrix is a non-additive solution of the Yang-Baxter equation. Some properties of this matrix are derived.