SEARCH · Searcharxiv

Results for “physics.gen-ph”

Search indexed arXiv papers on artificial intelligence, large language models, computer vision and robotics. Read source abstracts and follow links to arXiv.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

arXiv2012

What are the Fundamental Matter Particles?

Quantum theory and Lorentz structure are the twin pillars of fundamental physics today. With quantum theory kept and Lorentz structure replaced by Euclidean Jordan algebra --- a more fundamental structure, one naturally arrives at the notion of abstract fundamental matter particles. These abstract particles fall into distinct abstract universes according to their symmetry groups. If it is assumed that the charged particle count for such an abstract universe is 32, then this abstract universe must be conformally-symmetric and 11-dimensional Lorentzian when it is extremely hot; furthermore, it matches our real world universe in quite a few aspects, from the charged particle content to the existence of dark matter. Based on this match, a few predictions can be made: 1) the electric-weak force symmetry must be broken if the macroscopic spatial dimension is 2 or higher, 2) there are infinitely many generations of quarks and leptons, and 3) there exists a 5th fundamental force. This 5th force predicts quark mixing and the related CP violation because it transforms quarks among its various generations and violates the CP symmetry. A quantitative check concerning the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix entries shows a good agreement between experiments and the 5th force based computations.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Anisotropic Bianchi-I Cosmological Models in String Cosmology with Variable Deceleration Parameter

The present study deals with spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi-I cosmological model representing massive strings. The energy-momentum tensor, as formulated by Letelier (Phys. Rev. D 28: 2414, 1983) has been used to construct massive string cosmological model for which we assume that the expansion scalar in the model is proportional to one of the components of shear tensor. The Einstein's field equations have been solved by considering time dependent deceleration parameter which renders the scale factor $a = (\sinh(αt))^{\frac{1}{n}}$, where $α$ and $n$ are constants. It has been detected that, for $n > 1$, the presented model has a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase at present epoch while for $0 < n \leq 1$, this describes purely accelerating universe which is consistent with recent astrophysical observations. Moreover, some physical and geometric properties of the model along with physical acceptability of the solutions have been also discussed in detail.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Remark on "Pair Creation Constrains Superluminal Neutrino Propagation"

The concept of group velocity of a particle should be consistent with its Hamilton-Jacobi velocity. This point is missed in the work of Cohen, Glashow, "{\it Pair Creation Constrains Superluminal Neutrino Propagation}" (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 107}, 181803 (2011)). It then leads to the conclusion of existence of Cherenkov-like radiation provided one sees superluminal neutrinos. We show that in the framework of Special Relativity with de Sitter space-time symmetry (dS-SR) the above Cohen-Glashow argument does not hold and the Cherenkov-like radiation is forbidden. Our result is consistent with the experimental results of the ICARUS Collaboration.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Magnetized dark energy and the late time acceleration

In the present work we have searched the existence of the late time acceleration of the Universe. The matter source that is responsible for the late time acceleration of the Universe consists of cosmic fluid with the equation of state parameter $ω=\frac{p}ρ$ and uniform magnetic field of energy density $ρ_{B}$. The study is done here under the framework of spatially homogeneous and anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi-I cosmological model in the presence of magnetized dark energy. To get the deterministic model of the Universe, we assume that the shear scalar $(σ)$ in the model is proportional to expansion scalar $(θ)$. This condition leads to $A=B^{n}$, where $A$ and $B$ are metric functions and $n$ is a positive constant giving the proportionality condition between shear and expansion scalar. It has been found that the isotropic distribution of magnetized dark energy leads to the present accelerated expansion of the Universe and the derived model is in good agreement with the recent astrophysical observations. The physical behavior of the Universe has been discussed in details.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Iterative Solution of Maxwell's Equations for an Induction Motor

In this work we use classical electromagnetism to analyse a three-phase induction motor. We first cast the motor as a boundary value problem involving two phenomenological time-constants. These are derived from the widely used equivalent circuit model of the induction motor. We then use an iterative procedure to evaluate these constants and obtain the motor performance equations. Our results depend only on the geometrical parameters of the motor and can be used to derive precise expressions for the excitation frequency and applied voltage needed to extract maximum performance from a given motor at any rotation speed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Contradiction of the DENSITY MATRIX notion in quantum mechanics

It is shown that description of a nonpolarized neutron beam by density matrix is contradictory. Density matrix is invariant with respect to choice of quantization axis, while experimental devices can discriminate between different quantization axes.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Ising model: secondary phase transition

Lttice-spin phonons are considered, which make the heat capacity at the critical temperature satisfy experimental observations better. There is a BEC phase transition in an Ising model attributable to the lattice-spin phonons. We proved that the spin-wave theory only is available after BEC transition, and the magnons have the same characteristics as the lattice-spin phonons', resulting from quantum effect. Energy-level overlap effect at ultralow temperature is found. A prediction of BEC phase transition in a crystal is put forward as our theory generalization.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Is the aether entrained by the motion of celestial bodies? What do the experiments tell us?

Even though the concept has evolved and if the designation as aether is improperly regarded as outdated, nobody today considers that the vacuum is empty. However, the nature and the properties of the substratum, which permeates the entire universe, remain for the most part unspecified. For example, divergent opinions are put forward by physicists about a possible dragging of the aether by the translational motion of celestial bodies due to gravitation. We show in this text that such a hypothesis is inconsistent with well established experimental data which, on the contrary, lend support to non-entrained aether theory based on Lorentz contraction. A revaluation of the aether drift to which the Earth is subjected is carried out.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

High-dimensional noise-based logical controller

We introduce a scheme for controlling physical and other quantities; utilizing noise-based logic for control-and-optimization with high dimensionality, similarly how the Hilbert space of quantum informatics can be utilized for such purpose. As a concrete realization of the noise-based control scheme, we introduce "Dictatorial control" where noise-based logic results in an exponential speedup of operation.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Complex-Dynamical Solution to the Many-Body Interaction Problem and Its Applications in Fundamental Physics

We review the recently proposed unreduced, complex-dynamical solution to the many-body problem with arbitrary interaction and its application to the unified solution of fundamental problems, including dynamic foundations of causally complete quantum mechanics, relativity, particle properties and cosmology. We first analyse the universal properties of this many-body problem solution without any perturbative reduction and show that the emerging new quality of fundamental dynamic multivaluedness (or redundance) of the resulting system configuration leads to the natural and universal concept of dynamic complexity, chaoticity and fractality of any real system behaviour. We then consider unified features of this complex dynamics. Applications of that universal description to systems at various complexity levels have been performed and in this paper we review those at the lowest, fundamental complexity levels leading to causal understanding of the unified origin of quantum mechanics, relativity (special and general), elementary particles, their intrinsic properties and interactions. One reveals, in particular, the complex-dynamic origin of inertial and gravitational (relativistic) mass without introduction of any additional particle species, fields or dimensions. Other practically important consequences and problem solutions in fundamental physics and cosmology are summarised, confirming the efficiency of that unified picture.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Cosmology of Λ-term (vacuum component)

The vacuum component of the Universe is investigated in both quantum and classical regimes of its evolution. More than 78 orders of magnitude of the vacuum energy have been reduced in the quantum regime during 10^-6 sec. Near 45 orders have been reduced in the classical regime during 4x10^17 sec. In the quantum regime phase transitions were more effective processes for vacuum energy reduction than production of new quantum states. The validity of evolution of the Universe's vacuum component is also presented. All the "crisis" 123 orders are, strangely enough, reduced in usual physical processes.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Derivation and New Interpretation of the Lorentz Transformations and Einstein's Theorem of Velocity Addition

It is traditionally believed that the Lorentz transformations (LT) and Einstein's theorem of velocity addition (ETVA), underlying special relativity, cannot be obtained from non-relativistic (classical) mechanics. In the present paper it is shown, however, that both the LT and the ETVA are derivable within the framework of classical kinematics if the speeds of material points are bounded above by a certain universal limit $c_+$ which can coincide with the speed of light $c$ in a vacuum.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

The vacuum as a form of turbulent fluid: motivations, experiments, implications

Basic foundational aspects of both quantum theory and relativity might induce to represent the physical vacuum as an underlying highly turbulent fluid. By explicit numerical simulations, we show that a form of statistically isotropic and homogeneous vacuum turbulence is entirely consistent with the present ether-drift experiments. In particular, after subtracting known forms of disturbances, the observed stochastic signal requires velocity fluctuations whose absolute scale is well described by the average Earth's motion with respect to the Cosmic Microwave Background. We emphasize that the existence of a genuine stochastic ether drift could be crucial for the emergence of forms of self-organization in matter and thus for the whole approach to complexity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Does Lorentz Force Law Contradict the Principle and Theories of Relativity for Uniform Linear Motion?

I show that no force or torque is generated in cases involving a charge and a magnet with their relative velocity zero, in any inertial frame of reference. A recent suspicion of an anomalous torque and conflict with relativity in this case is rested. What is distilled as `Lorentz force' in standard electrodynamics, with relative velocity as the parameter, is an under-representation of two distinct physical phenomena, an effect due to Lorentz contraction and another due to the Ampere current-current interaction, rolled into one due to prejudice from special relativity applied only to linear motion. When both are included in the analysis of the problem there is no anomalous force or torque, ensuring the validity of Poincare's principle of relativity. The issue of validity of electrodynamics without the concept of absolute rest, however, is subtle and empirically open when general noninertial motion is considered, as I will discuss in another paper.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2013

The Geometry of Morphogenesis and the Morphogenetic Field Concept

The process of morphogenesis, which can be defined as an evolution of the form of an organism, is one of the most intriguing mysteries in the life sciences. It is clear, that gene expression patterns cannot explain the development of the precise geometry of an organism and its parts in space. Here, we suggest a set of postulates and possible approaches for discovering the correspondence between molecular biological information and its realization in a given geometry of an organism in space-time. First, we suggest that the geometry of the organism and its parts is coded by a molecular code located on the cell surfaces in such a way that, with each cell, there can be associated a corresponding matrix, containing this code. As a particular model, we propose coding by several types of oligosaccharide residues of glycoconjugates. Second, we provide a notion of cell event, and suggest a description of development as a tree of cell events, where under cell event we understand the changing of cell state, e.g. the processes of cell division, cell growth/death, shift or differentiation. Next we suggest describing these cell motion laws using the notion of a "morphogenetic field", meaning by the field an object in an "event space" over a "cell space", which govern the transformation of the coded biological information into an instructive signal for a cell event for a given cell, depending on the position of a cell in the developing embryo. The matrix on a cell surface will be changed after each cell event according to the rule(s) dictated by the morphogenetic field of an organism. Finally, we provide some ideas on the connection between morphogenetic code on a cell surface, cell motion law(s) and the geometry of an embryo.

q-bio.OT↗

arXiv2014

Covariant Mickelsson-Faddeev extensions of gauge and diffeomorphism algebras

We construct new extensions of current and diffeomorphism algebras in N>3 dimensions, which are related to the Mickelsson-Faddeev algebra. The result is compatible with Dzhumadil'daev's classification of diffeomorphism cocycles. We also construct an extension of the current algebra in N>=5 dimensions which depends on the fourth Casimir operator.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

5th Force and Quark Mixing

In a recent article, this author proposed a program for physics beyond the Standard Model, solely based on modifying the twin pillars of fundamental physics by replacing Lorentz structure with Euclidean Jordan algebra while keeping quantum theory. This program predicts not only quarks and leptons but also a short-range 5th fundamental force accompanying gravity. This 5th force predicts quark mixing and the related CP violation, which in fact was a phenomena observed in labs about fifty years ago. Thus, there are two conflicting theories as of now, the one based on the 5th force which {\em predicts} this phenomena and the established Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) theory which was invented to {\em explain} this phenomena. In this article a test of these two theories against the recent experimental data is presented. It is found in this test that the CKM theory fares poorly, whereas the one based on the 5th force withstands the test well, in both accuracy and precision. For example, for the CKM matrix entry $V_{cd}$, we have $$|V_{cb}^{\tiny \mbox{experiment}}|=0.0409 \pm 0.0011, \quad |V_{cb}^{\tiny \mbox{CKM}}|= 2.37\pm 1.82,\quad |V_{cb}^{\tiny \mbox{5th force}}|=0.0408 \pm 0.0028. $$

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2012

Logical Construction of the Ionization Energy Theory and the Origin of Physical Categories

Logical proofs and definitions are developed to establish (i) the energy-level spacings, ξfor each chemical element (from the periodic table of chemical elements) can be converted to the ionization energies, (ii) both ξand the ionization energies are unique, and (iii) the averaged ionization energies of any quantum matter is proportional to the averaged ionization energies of its constituent chemical elements, if and only if ξnot = 0 and ξis not an irrelevant constant. Physical sets are then constructed such that they are members of a specific physical class where each class belongs to a specific physical category, P. However, there is not a single structure-preserving functor from one energy-level spacing physical category, P(ξ) to another P'(ξ). Therefore, the existence of many P(ξ) imply the existence of different categories of physical systems and quantum matter.

physics.gen-ph↗