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arXiv2013

Shape evolution and the role of intruder configurations in Hg isotopes within the interacting boson model based on a Gogny energy density functional

The interacting boson model with configuration mixing, with parameters derived from the self-consistent mean-field calculation employing the microscopic Gogny energy density functional, is applied to the systematic analysis of the low-lying structure in Hg isotopes. Excitation energies, electromagnetic transition rates, deformation properties, and ground-state properties of the $^{172-204}$Hg nuclei are obtained by mapping the microscopic deformation energy surface onto the equivalent IBM Hamiltonian in the boson condensate. These results point to the overall systematic trend of the transition from the near spherical vibrational state in lower-mass Hg nuclei close to $^{172}$Hg, onset of intruder prolate configuration as well as the manifest prolate-oblate shape coexistence around the mid-shell nucleus $^{184}$Hg, weakly oblate deformed structure beyond $^{190}$Hg up to the spherical vibrational structure toward the near semi-magic nucleus $^{204}$Hg, as observed experimentally. The quality of the present method in the description of the complex shape dynamics in Hg isotopes is examined.

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arXiv2012

Neutron inelastic scattering in natural Cu as a background in neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments

Experiments designed to study rare processes, such as neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$), are crucial tests for physics beyond the standard model. These experiments rely on reducing the intrinsic radioactive background to unprecedented levels, while adequately shielding the detectors from external sources of radioactivity. An understanding of the potential for neutron excitation of the shielding and detector materials is important for obtaining this level of sensitivity. Using the broad-spectrum neutron beam at LANSCE, we have measured inelastic neutron scattering on $^{nat}$Cu. The goal of this work is focused on understanding the background rates from neutrons interacting in these materials in regions around the Q-values of many candidate $0νββ$ decay isotopes, as well as providing data for benchmarking Monte Carlo simulations of background events. Results: We extracted the level cross sections from the $γ$ production cross section for 46 energy levels in $^{nat}$Cu . These level cross sections were compared with the available experimental data, as well as the ENDF/B-VII evaluation for discrete levels. We also examined the potential implications of our measurements on $0νββ$ measurements and found that many of the commonly studied $0νββ$ isotopes had Q-values below the cutoff for ENDF/B-VII evaluated discrete levels in either Cu nucleus.

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arXiv2013

Nuclear rho transparencies in a relativistic Glauber model

[Background] The recent Jefferson Lab data for the nuclear transparency in $ρ^ {0}$ electroproduction have the potential to settle the scale for the onset of color transparency (CT) in vector meson production. [Purpose] To compare the data to calculations in a relativistic and quantum-mechanical Glauber model and to investigate whether they are in accordance with results including color transparency given that the computation of $ρ$-nucleus attenuations is subject to some uncertainties. [Method] We compute the nuclear transparencies in a multiple-scattering Glauber model and account for effects stemming from color transparency, from $ρ$-meson decay, and from short-range correlations (SRC) in the final-state interactions (FSI). [Results] The robustness of the model is tested by comparing the mass dependence and the hard-scale dependence of the $A(e,e'p)$ nuclear transparencies with the data. The hard-scale dependence of the $(e,e' ρ^ {0})$ nuclear transparencies for $^ {12}$C and $^ {56}$Fe are only moderately affected by SRC and by $ρ^ {0}$-decay. [Conclusions] The RMSGA calculations confirm the onset of CT at four-momentum transfers of a few (GeV/c)$^2$ in $ρ$ meson electroproduction data. A more precise determination of the scale for the onset of CT is hampered by the lack of precise input in the FSI and $ρ$-meson decay calculations.

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arXiv2013

Dijet asymmetry in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV within a multiphase transport model

Within a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model, dijet asymmetry is studied in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. It is found that a large dijet asymmetry ($A_{J}$) is produced by strong interactions between jets and partonic matter. It is demonstrated that hadronization and final-state hadronic rescatterings have little effects on $A_{J}$. The final $A_{J}$ is found to be driven by both initial $A_{J}$ and partonic jet energy loss, which is consistent with an increasing jet energy loss in a hot and strongly interacting partonic medium in more central Pb+Pb collisions.

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arXiv2013

System size dependence of transverse momentum correlations at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 62.4 and 200 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

We present a study of the average transverse momentum ($p_t$) fluctuations and $p_t$ correlations for charged particles produced in Cu+Cu collisions at midrapidity for $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 62.4 and 200 GeV. These results are compared with those published for Au+Au collisions at the same energies, to explore the system size dependence. In addition to the collision energy and system size dependence, the $p_t$ correlation results have been studied as functions of the collision centralities, the ranges in $p_t$, the pseudorapidity $η$, and the azimuthal angle $ϕ$. The square root of the measured $p_t$ correlations when scaled by mean $p_t$ is found to be independent of both colliding beam energy and system size studied. Transport-based model calculations are found to have a better quantitative agreement with the measurements compared to models which incorporate only jetlike correlations.

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arXiv2013

Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: II. Particle Production

Particle production in relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei is analyzed in a wide range of incident energies 2.7 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 62.4 GeV. The analysis is performed within the three-fluid model employing three different equations of state (EoS): a purely hadronic EoS, an EoS with the first-order phase transition and that with a smooth crossover transition. It is found that the hadronic scenario fails to reproduce experimental yields of antibaryons (strange and nonstrange), starting already from lower SPS energies, i.e. $\sqrt{s_{NN}}>$ 5 GeV. Moreover, at energies above the top SPS one, i.e. $\sqrt{s_{NN}}>$ 17.4 GeV, the mid-rapidity densities predicted by the hadronic scenario considerably exceed the available RHIC data on all species. At the same time the deconfinement-transition scenarios reasonably agree (to a various extent) with all the data. The present analysis demonstrates certain advantage of the deconfinement-transition EoS's. However, all scenarios fail to reproduce the strangeness enhancement in the incident energy range near 30A GeV (i.e. a horn anomaly in the $K^+/π^+$ ratio) and yields of $ϕ$-mesons at 20A--40A GeV.

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arXiv2013

Initial state geometry and the role of hydrodynamics in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and deuteron-nucleus collisions

We apply the successful Monte Carlo Glauber and IP-Glasma initial state models of heavy ion collisions to the much smaller size systems produced in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and deuteron- nucleus collisions. We observe a significantly greater sensitivity of the initial state geometry to details of multi-particle production in these models compared to nucleus-nucleus collisions. In particular, we find that the size of the system produced in p+A collisions is very similar to the one produced in p+p collisions, and predict comparable Hanbury-Brown-Twiss radii in the absence of flow in both systems. Differences in the eccentricities computed in the models are large, while differences amongst the generated flow coefficients v_2 and v_3 are smaller. For a large number of participants in proton-lead collisions, the v_2 generated in the IP-Glasma model is comparable to the value obtained in proton-proton collisions. Viscous corrections to flow are large over characteristic lifetimes in the smaller size systems. In contrast, viscous contributions are significantly diminished over the longer space-time evolution of a heavy ion collision.

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arXiv2013

Cross sections for the $γp \to K^{+} Λ$ and $γp \to K^{+} Σ^{0}$ reactions measured at CLAS

The first high-statistics cross sections for the reactions $γp \to K^{*+} Λ$ and $γp \to K^{*+} Σ^0$ were measured using the CLAS detector at photon energies between threshold and 3.9 GeV at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Differential cross sections are presented over the full range of the center-of-mass angles, $θ^{CM}_{K^{*+}}$, and then fitted to Legendre polynomials to extract the total cross section. Results for the $K^{*+}Λ$ final state are compared with two different calculations in an isobar and a Regge model, respectively. Theoretical calculations significantly underestimate the $K^{*+} Λ$ total cross sections between 2.1 and 2.6 GeV, but are in better agreement with present data at higher photon energies.

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arXiv2012

Nuclear structure of 30S and its implications for nucleosynthesis in classical novae

The uncertainty in the 29P(p,gamma)30S reaction rate over the temperature range of 0.1 - 1.3 GK was previously determined to span ~4 orders of magnitude due to the uncertain location of two previously unobserved 3+ and 2+ resonances in the 4.7 - 4.8 MeV excitation region in 30S. Therefore, the abundances of silicon isotopes synthesized in novae, which are relevant for the identification of presolar grains of putative nova origin, were uncertain by a factor of 3. To investigate the level structure of 30S above the proton threshold (4394.9(7) keV), a charged-particle spectroscopy and an in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments were performed. Differential cross sections of the 32S(p,t)30S reaction were measured at 34.5 MeV. Distorted wave Born approximation calculations were performed to constrain the spin-parity assignments of the observed levels. An energy level scheme was deduced from gamma-gamma coincidence measurements using the 28Si(3He,n-gamma)30S reaction. Spin-parity assignments based on measurements of gamma-ray angular distributions and gamma-gamma directional correlation from oriented nuclei were made for most of the observed levels of 30S. As a result, the resonance energies corresponding to the excited states in 4.5 MeV - 6 MeV region, including the two astrophysically important states predicted previously, are measured with significantly better precision than before. The uncertainty in the rate of the 29P(p,gamma)30S reaction is substantially reduced over the temperature range of interest. Finally, the influence of this rate on the abundance ratios of silicon isotopes synthesized in novae are obtained via 1D hydrodynamic nova simulations.

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arXiv2013

Energy dependence of pion in-medium effects on π^-/π^+ ratio in heavy-ion collisions

Within the framework of a thermal model with its parameters fitted to the results from an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model, we study the pion in-medium effect on the charged-pion ratio in heavy-ion collisions at various energies. We find that due to the cancellation between the effects from pion-nucleon s-wave and p-wave interactions in nuclear medium, the π^-/π^+ ratio generally decreases after including the pion in-medium effect. The effect is larger at lower collision energies as a result of narrower pion spectral functions at lower temperatures.

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arXiv2013

Improved Calculation of Thermal Fission Energy

Thermal fission energy is one of the basic parameters needed in the calculation of antineutrino flux for reactor neutrino experiments. It is useful to improve the precision of the thermal fission energy calculation for current and future reactor neutrino experiments, which are aimed at more precise determination of neutrino oscillation parameters. In this article, we give new values for thermal fission energies of some common thermal reactor fuel isotopes, with improvements on three aspects. One is more recent input data acquired from updated nuclear databases. the second one is a consideration of the production yields of fission fragments from both thermal and fast incident neutrons for each of the four main fuel isotopes. The last one is more carefully calculation of the average energy taken away by antineutrinos in thermal fission with the comparison of antineutrino spectrum from different models. The change in calculated antineutrino flux due to the new values of thermal fission energy is about 0.32%, and the uncertainties of the new values are about 50% smaller.

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arXiv2013

Longitudinal fluctuations of the center of mass of the participants in heavy-ion collisions

A model for computing the probability density of event-by-event participant center-of-mass rapidity y^{c.m.} is presented. The evaluations of the y^{c.m.} distribution are performed for different collision energies and different centralities. We show that for certain conditions the rapidity distribution is described by a Gaussian with a variance determined mostly by the collision centrality. It is found that the width of the y^{c.m.} distribution increases strongly for more peripheral collisions, while it depends weakly on the collision energy. Other theoretical estimates of rapidity distribution are presented and questions of interaction and separation between spectators and participants are discussed.

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arXiv2013

Collective dynamics of the high-energy proton-nucleus collisions

We analyze the proton-lead collisions at the LHC energy of 5.02TeV in the three-stage approach, previously used to successfully describe the relativistic A-A collisions. The approach consists of the early phase, modeled with the Glauber model, the event-by-event viscous 3+1 dimensional (3+1 D) relativistic hydrodynamics, and the statistical hadronization at freeze-out. We show that features typical of collective dynamics, such as the harmonic flow and the ridge structures in the two-particle correlations in relative azimuth and pseudorapidity, may be naturally explained in our framework. In the proton-nucleus system the harmonic flow is generated from an initially event-by-event deformed system and is entirely due to these initial fluctuations. Notably, fluctuations of strength of the initial Glauber sources which yield the observed distribution of hadron multiplicities and, at the same time, lead to correct values of the elliptic flow coefficients both from the two- and four-particle cumulant method, as measured by the ATLAS collaboration. The azimuthally asymmetric flow is not modified significantly when changing the viscosity coefficient, the initial time for the collective expansion, or the initial size of the fireball. The results present an estimate of the collective component in the two-particle correlations measured experimentally. We demonstrate that the harmonic flow coefficients can be experimentally measured with methods based on large rapidity gaps which reduce some of the other sources of correlations.

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arXiv2013

Third Harmonic Flow of Charged Particles in Au+Au Collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV

We report measurements of the third harmonic coefficient of the azimuthal anisotropy, v_3, known as triangular flow. The analysis is for charged particles in Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV, based on data from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Two-particle correlations as a function of their pseudorapidity separation are fit with narrow and wide Gaussians. Measurements of triangular flow are extracted from the wide Gaussian, from two-particle cumulants with a pseudorapidity gap, and also from event plane analysis methods with a large pseudorapidity gap between the particles and the event plane. These results are reported as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. A large dependence on the pseudorapidity gap is found. Results are compared with other experiments and model calculations.

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arXiv2013

Incorporating Space-Time Within Medium-Modified Jet Event Generators

We outline a novel approach to develop an in-medium shower Monte-Carlo event generator based on the higher-twist formalism of jet modification. By undoing one of the light-cone integrals which sets the corresponding light-cone momentum to be equal in the amplitude and the complex conjugate, we introduce an uncertainty in the smaller light-cone momentum component. This allows for the generalization of the standard analytic formalism to a Wigner transform like formalism, where the non-conjugate large light-cone momentum and position are retained for each parton. Jets are generated event-by-event by simulating this Wigner transform kernel. Simple results for longitudinal distributions of partons and hadrons from jets propagating through a hot brick of strongly interacting matter are presented. Values of the transport coefficient $\hat{q}$ are dialed to match phenomenologically relevant cases.

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arXiv2013

Incoherent $J/ψ$ electroproduction from the deuteron at JLab energies and the elastic $J/ψ$-nucleon scattering amplitude

Calculations are presented for incoherent $J/ψ$ electroproduction from the deuteron at JLab energies, including the effects of $J/ψ$-nucleon rescattering in the final state, in order to determine the feasibility of measuring the $J/ψ$-nucleon scattering length, or the $J/ψ$-nucleon scattering amplitude at lower relative energies than in previous measurements. It is shown that for a scattering length of the size predicted by existing theoretical calculations, it would not be possible to determine the scattering length. However, it may be possible to determine the scattering amplitude at significantly lower relative energies than the only previous measurements.

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arXiv2013

Production of $J/Ψ$ on the nucleon and deuteron targets

A coupled-channel model with $πN$, $ρN$ and $J/ΨN$ channels is developed to predict the $π+ N \rightarrow J/Ψ+ N $ cross sections. The $J/Ψ$-$N$ interaction is parameterized in a form related to what has been predicted by the effective field theory approach and Lattice QCD. The other interactions within the model are constrained by the decay width of $J/Ψ\rightarrow ρ+ π$ and the total cross section data of $πN$ reactions. The calculated meson-baryon amplitudes are then used to predict the cross sections of the $J/Ψ$ production on the deuteron target by including the contributions from the impulse term and the one-loop calculations of the final $NN$ and $J/ΨN$ re-scattering effects. Predictions of the dependence of the cross sections of $π^- + p \rightarrow J/Ψ+ n$, $γ+ d \rightarrow J/Ψ+ n + p$, and $π^+ d \rightarrow J/Ψ+p +p$ on the $J/Ψ$-$N$ potentials are presented for experimental determinations of the $J/Ψ$-$N$ interaction. Within the vector meson dominance model, we have also applied the constructed coupled-channel model to predict the $γ+ p\rightarrow J/Ψ+ p$ cross sections near the $J/Ψ$ production threshold.

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arXiv2013

Possible $Σ^(1/2^-)$ in the initial-state polarized $γN\rightarrow K^{+} Σ^(1385) \rightarrow K^{+} πΛ$ reaction near threshold

By using an effective Lagrangian method, we study the effects of a newly proposed $Σ^*(1/2^-)$ state with mass around 1380 MeV in the initial-state polarized $γN\rightarrow K^{+} Σ^*(1385) \rightarrow K^{+} πΛ$ process near threshold. The theoretical predictions for the helicity cross sections $σ_{3/2}$, $σ_{1/2}$ as well as their ratios, and the angular distributions of $π$ in the $πΛ$ center-of-mass system are given. It is found that assuming $Σ^*(1/2^-)$ exists or not, these physical quantities are distinctly different. So our results could be useful for the investigation of the existence of $Σ^*(1/2^-)$ when the experimental data are available in the future.

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