How to build a gravity generator
This article explores a simple way to construct an electric device capable to generate an artificial gravitational field by exploiting a resonance phenomenon.
physics.gen-ph↗
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Quantum walks and signal transduction pathways
Signal transduction pathways recover a crucial role in cellular processes: they represent a connection between environmental conditions and cellular reactions. There are many pathways and they all are related to create a network. But how can every protein find the right way more fast than possible? How can it find the right down-streaming kinase in the cellular sea and not another very similar kinase? Every signal transduction pathway can be seen as two distincted processes: the signal must reach every kinase and then it must travel through the enzyme until its active site: quantum walks could be the answer to both the questions.
physics.gen-ph↗
Sedeonic theory of massless fields
In present paper we develop the description of massless fields on the basis of space-time algebra of sixteen-component sedeons. The generalized sedeonic second-order equation for unified gravitoelectromagnetic (GE) field describing simultaneously gravity and electromagnetism is proposed. The second-order relations for the GE field energy, momentum and Lorentz invariants are derived. We consider also the generalized sedeonic first-order equation for the massless neutrino field. The second-order relations for the neutrino potentials analogues to the Pointing theorem and Lorentz invariant relations in gravitoelectromagnetism are also derived.
physics.gen-ph↗
Multi-Space Structure of the Universe
If our universe has appeared in a result of Big Bang or something like this, whether we have reasons to deny an existence of other universes appearing by the same or similar way? An objection that there is no anything like it, is doubtful, because nobody knows: what could we observe in this case? A model of a multi-space universe with mutual coupling of spaces is being proposed and investigated.
physics.gen-ph↗
Electron Effective Mass in Graphene
The particle effective mass in graphene is a challenging concept because the commonly used theoretical expression is mathematically divergent. In this paper, we use basic principles to present a simple theoretical expression for the effective mass that is suitable for both parabolic and non-parabolic isotropic materials. We demonstrate that this definition is consistent with the definition of the cyclotron effective mass, which is one of the common methods for effective mass measurement in solid state materials. We apply the proposed theoretical definition to graphene and demonstrate linear dependence of the effective mass on momentum, as confirmed by experimental cyclotron resonance measurements. Therefore, the proposed definition of the effective mass can be used for non-parabolic materials such as graphene.
physics.gen-ph↗
Joint probabilities and quantum cognition
In this paper we discuss the existence of joint probability distributions for quantum-like response computations in the brain. We do so by focusing on a contextual neural-oscillator model shown to reproduce the main features of behavioral stimulus-response theory. We then exhibit a simple example of contextual random variables not having a joint probability distribution, and describe how such variables can be obtained from neural oscillators, but not from a quantum observable algebra.
physics.gen-ph↗
Size-dependent piezoelectricity
In this paper, a consistent theory is developed for size-dependent piezoelectricity in dielectric solids. This theory shows that electric polarization can be generated as the result of coupling to the mean curvature tensor, unlike previous flexoelectric theories that postulate such couplings with other forms of curvature and more general strain gradient terms ignoring the possible couple- stresses. The present formulation represents an extension of recent work that establishes a consistent size-dependent theory for solid mechanics. Here by including scale-dependent measures in the energy equation, the general expressions for force- and couple-stresses, as well as electric displacement, are obtained. Next, the constitutive relations, displacement formulations, the uniqueness theorem and the reciprocal theorem for the corresponding linear small deformation size-dependent piezoelectricity are developed. As with existing flexoelectric formulations, one finds that the piezoelectric effect can also exist in isotropic materials, although in the present theory the coupling is strictly through the skew-symmetric mean curvature tensor. In the last portion of the paper, this isotropic case is considered in detail by developing the corresponding boundary value problem for two dimensional analyses and obtaining a closed form solution for an isotropic dielectric cylinder.
physics.gen-ph↗
Mach Principle and a new theory of gravitation
Einstein was highly fascinated by Ernest Mach's work and by formulating the general theory of relativity (GR) he tried to provide a mathematical description to the Mach's principle. However, soon after its formulation, it was realized that GR does not follow Mach's principle. As it accurately explained many observational results, Einstein did not make any farther attempt to reformulate the theory to explain Mach's principle. Later on, several attempts were made by different researchers to formulate a theory of gravity based on Mach's principle. However, all these theories have their own merits and drawbacks. In this paper a new theory of gravity is proposed that is completely based on the Mach's principle. It is a metric theory and can be derived from action principle, which guarantees to follow all the conservation laws. We present few examples to show that the theory can explain the galactic rotation curves very accurately. It also explains the discrepancy between dynamic mass and the photo-metric mass of the galaxy clusters without any exotic dark matter. The bullet cluster weak lensing phenomenon that is considered to be a strong evidence for dark matter can also be explained using this new gravitational theory. Hence, the theory provides a viable alternative to standard gravity theory.
physics.gen-ph↗
Navier-Stokes regularity in 3D
This short proof shows that for smooth and sufficiently fast decaying initial data at infinity, the full incompressible Navier-Stokes solutions are eternal. The proof uses an orthogonal decomposition of the velocity field and some well-known vector calculus identities to establish a particular contradiction, which leads to a vanishing integral, which is the main integral that determines the evolution of enstrophy. As it is shown that enstrophy is non-increasing, it is well-know that the solutions stay regular at all times.
physics.gen-ph↗
Subleading Corrections to entropy formulae (convergences and divergences)
We know that sub-leading corrections to the hawking area law is riddled with issues which have some convergent and divergent aspects. Depending on the theory, scheme, model or even method sub-leading terms turn out to have trivial and non- trivial aspects which we are going to dwell upon. The generic character of the first sub leading logarithmic term comes out unanimously the same from all theories of quantum gravity like Strings, Loops, or even semi-classical methods with the exception that sometimes the pre-factor of logarithmic term turns out to be model dependent parameter or number hence consensus on this issue is yet to be finalized. In this paper we will try to compare and contrast how we get the corrections in various theories of quantum gravity including semi-classical methods on the variant of Black Hole that is BTZ Black Hole. Towards the end we see how the addition of chern-simon terms affects the entropy of black holes and we will make brief observations regarding the same.
physics.gen-ph↗
Dynamical 3-Space: neo-Lorentz Relativity
The major extant relativity theories - Galileo's Relativity (GaR), Lorentz's Relativity (LR) and Einstein's Special Relativity (SR), with the latter much celebrated, while the LR is essentially ignored. Indeed it is often incorrectly claimed that SR and LR are experimentally indistinguishable. Here we show that (i) SR and LR are experimentally distinguishable, (ii) that comparison of gas-mode Michelson interferometer experiments with spacecraft earth-flyby Doppler shift data demonstrate that it is LR that is consistent with the data, while SR is in conflict with the data, (iii) SR is exactly derivable from GaR by means of a mere linear change of space and time coordinates that mixes the Galilean space and time coordinates. So it is GaR and SR that are equivalent. Hence the well-known SR relativistic effects are purely coordinate effects, and cannot correspond to the observed relativistic effects. The connections between these three relativity theories has become apparent following the discovery that space is an observable dynamical textured system, and that space and time are distinct phenomena, leading to a neo-Lorentz Relativity (nLR). The observed relativistic effects are dynamical consequences of nLR and 3-space. In particular a proper derivation of the Dirac equation from nLR is given, which entails the derivation of the rest mass energy mc^2
physics.gen-ph↗
Principles of Arrangement Field Theory
In this paper I attempt to summarize the fundamental principles which underlie to Arrangement Field Theory. In my intention the exposition would be the most possible intelligible and self-contained. However the exposed concepts are revisited in the light of the new researches, so that they could appear slightly different than in the previous works. Much emphasis is posed here to the power of theory to predict the number of fermionic families (flavours) and space-time dimensions. I also give a quick glance to the entanglement phenomenon and its interpretation as microscopic wormhole.
physics.gen-ph↗
Non-additive entropy: Reason and conclusions
In this work the non-additive entropy is examined. It appears in isolated particle systems composed of few components. Therefore, the mixing of isolated particle systems S=S1+S2 has been studied. Two cases are considered T1=T2 and T1\leqT2, where T1,T2 are the initial temperatures of the system S1 and S2 respectively. The concept of similar systems containing interacting particles is introduced. These systems are defined by a common temperature and an identical time evolution process, i.e. the approach to the same thermodynamic equilibrium. The main results are: 1) The properties of the similar particle systems yield the non-additive entropy and free energy. The Gibbs Paradox is not a paradox. 2) The relation between the initial temperatures T1 and T2 governs the mixing process. 3) In the two cases T1=T2, T1\leqT2 mixing of the systems S1, S2 results in a uniform union system S=S1+S2. The systems S, S1, S2 are similar one to the other. 4) The mixing process is independent of the extensive quantities (volume, particle number, energy) and of the particle type. Only the mean energy plays an important role in the mixing of the systems S1, S2. 5) Mixing in the case T1\leqT2 is in essence a thermalization process, but mixing in the case T1=T2 is not a thermodynamic process. 6)Mixing is an irreversible process. Keywords: Entropy; Similar systems of interacting particles; Mixing of systems; Thermal equilibrium
physics.gen-ph↗
Bell's fifth position is not supported by supermartingale statistics
It is demonstrated that the supermartingale statistics approach of Gill to the CHSH contrast contains a physical (and statistical) unrealistic assumption.
physics.gen-ph↗
"Gauge" freedom and relationship between the Einstein and Jordan conformal frames
The issue of the physical equivalence between the Einstein and Jordan conformal frames in Jordan-Brans-Dicke (JBD) theory is revised. Scalar-tensor theories equations are not invariant with respect to conformal transformations if one uses the same "gauge" fixing in Jordan and Einstein frames. We hope to have clarified some eventual obscure issues associated to the concept of conformal invariance of relativistic theories appearing in the literature, in particular the relationship between Jordan and Einstein frames.
physics.gen-ph↗
A New Look at the Position Operator in Quantum Theory
The postulate that coordinate and momentum representations are related to each other by the Fourier transform has been accepted from the beginning of quantum theory by analogy with classical electrodynamics. As a consequence, an inevitable effect in standard theory is the wave packet spreading (WPS) of the photon coordinate wave function in directions perpendicular to the photon momentum. This leads to several paradoxes. The most striking of them is that coordinate wave functions of photons emitted by stars have cosmic sizes and strong arguments indicate that this contradicts observational data. We argue that the above postulate is based neither on strong theoretical arguments nor on experimental data and propose a new consistent definition of the position operator. Then WPS in directions perpendicular to the particle momentum is absent and the paradoxes are resolved. Different components of the new position operator do not commute with each other and, as a consequence, there is no wave function in coordinate representation. Implications of the results for entanglement, quantum locality and the problem of time in quantum theory are discussed.
physics.gen-ph↗
Energy Band Model Based on Effective Mass
In this work, we demonstrate an alternative method of deriving an isotropic energy band model using a one-dimensional definition of the effective mass and experimentally observed dependence of mass on energy. We extend the effective mass definition to anti-particles and particles with zero rest mass. We assume an often observed linear dependence of mass on energy and derive a generalized non-parabolic energy-momentum relation. The resulting non-parabolicity leads to velocity saturation at high particle energies. We apply the energy band model to free relativistic particles and carriers in solid state materials and obtain commonly used dispersion relations and experimentally confirmed effective masses. We apply the model to zero rest mass particles in graphene and propose using the effective mass for photons. Therefore, it appears that the new energy band model based on the effective mass can be applied to relativistic particles and carriers in solid state materials.
physics.gen-ph↗
Bose gas to Bose-Einstein Condensate by the Phase Transition of the Klein-Gordon equation
We rewrite the complex Klein-Gordon (KG) equation with a mexican-hat scalar field potential in a thermal bath with one loop contribution as a new Gross-Pitaevskii (GP)-like equation. We interpret it as a charged and finite temperature generalization of the GP equation. We find its hydrodynamic version as well and using it, we derive the corresponding thermodynamics. We obtain a generalized first law for a charged Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). We translate the breaking of the U(1) local symmetry of the KG field into the new version of the GP equation and demonstrate that this symmetry breaking corresponds to a phase transition of the gas into a BEC, and show the conditions for which this system naturally becomes superfluid and/or superconductor.
physics.gen-ph↗