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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
arXiv2013

Opinion Particles: Classical Physics and Opinion Dynamics

A model for Opinion Particles, based on Bayesian-inspired models of Opinion Dynamics such as the CODA model is presented. By extending the discrete time characteristic of those models to continuous time, a theory for the movement of opinion particles is obtained, based only on inference ideas. This will allow inertia to be obtained as a consequence of an extended CODA model. For the general case, we will see that the likelihoods are associated with variables such as velocity and acceleration of the particles. Newtonian forces are easily defined and the relationship between a force and the equivalent likelihood provided. The case of the harmonic oscillator is solved as an example, to illustrate clearly the relationship between Opinion Particles and Mechanics. Finally, possible paths to apply these results to General Relativity are debated.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Einstein's Miraculous Year

With each passing year, the young Albert Einstein's achievements in physics in the year 1905 seem to be ever more miraculous. We describe why the centenary of this remarkable year is worthy of celebration.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Transformity: The Dependence of the Laws of Physics on Higher-Dimensional Coordinate Transformations

In unified field theories with more than four dimensions, the form of the equations of physics in spacetime depends in general on the choice of coordinates in higher dimensions. The reason is that the group of coordinate transformations in (say) five dimensions is broader than in spacetime. This kind of gauge dependence is illustrated by two examples: a cosmological model in general relativity and a matter wave in quantum theory. Surprisingly, both are equivalent by coordinate transformations to flat featureless five-dimensional space. This kind of transformity is of fundamental significance for the philosophy of physics.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Control of multiscale systems with constraints. 1. Basic principles of the concept of evolution of systems with varying constraints

Physical fundamentals of the self-organizing theory for the system with varying constraints are considered. A variation principle, specifically the principle of dynamic harmonization as a generalization of the Gauss-Hertz principle for the systems with varying internal structure is formulated. In compliance with this principle the system evolves through dynamics of the processes leading to harmonization of the internal multiscale structure of the system and its connections with external actions as a result of minimizing the dynamic harmonization function. Main principles of the shell model of self-organization under the action of the dominating entropic disturbance are formulated.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Control of multiscale systems with constraints. 2. Fractal nuclear isomers and clusters

We consider the influence of the Fermi statistics of nucleons on the binding energy of a new type of nuclear structures such as fractal nuclear clusters (fractal isomers of nuclei). It is shown that the fractal nuclear isomers possess a wide spectrum of binding energies that exceed, in many cases, the values known at the present time. The transition of the nuclear matter in the form of ordinary nuclei (drops of the nuclear fluid) in the state with the fractal structure or in the form of bubble nuclei opens new sources of energy and has huge perspectives. This transition is based on a new state of matter - collective coherently correlated state. It manifests itself, first of all, in the property of nonlocality of nuclear multiparticle processes. We develop a phenomenological theory of the binding energy of nuclear fractal structures and modify the Bethe - Weizsäcker formula for nuclear clusters with the mass number A, charge Z, and fractal dimension D_f. The consideration of fractal nuclear isomers allows one to interpret the experimental results on a new level of the comprehension of processes of the nuclear dynamics. The possibility to determine the fractal dimension of nuclear systems with the help of the method of nuclear dipole resonance for fractal isomers is discussed. The basic relations for fractal electroneutral structures such as the electron-nucleus plasma of fractal isomers are presented.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Control over multiscale systems with constraints. 3. Geometrodynamics of the evolution of systems with varying constraints

With the use of the general variational principle of self-organization of systems with varying constraints, namely the principle of dynamical harmonization of systems presented in the first work of the cycle, we advance an approach to the control over the evolution of systems of many particles. The geometric nature of this principle is analyzed. On the basis of the de Broglie--Bohm representation of the Schrödinger equation, we establish a connection of the nonlocality and the coherence of the systems of many particles with mass entropic forces. The defining role of a coherent acceleration and a space-time curvature in the control over the synthesis of new structures in systems with varying constraints is demonstrated. The basic criteria for electromagnetic fields to initiate the processes of self-organizing synthesis and for the quantum properties of a nonlocality on macroscopic scales, which are necessary for the self-organizing synthesis, are formulated.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Tectonic "short circuit" of sub-horizontal fluid-saturated bodies as a possible mechanism of the earthquake

An alternative earthquake mechanism is proposed. The traditional stress mechanism of fracture formation assigned a support role. As a proximate cause of the earthquake the destruction of the roofs of sub-horizontal fluid-saturated bodies (SHFB) is considered. This collapse may occur due to redistribution of fluid pressure within the system of SHFB connected by cracks (tectonic or other nature). It can cause both shifts of rock blocks contributing to seismic shocks and various effects characteristic of foreshocks and aftershocks.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

A quantum mechanical interpretation for the relativity of the space-time

In special relativity theory the physical quantities are generally expressed as function of the velocity. In the particular case of an extended object, the factor 1/gamma of Lorentz contraction of its length in the direction of motion is written as a function of the velocity of the extended object. The same happens with the Lorentz factor gamma of time interval dilation of a moving clock. In this paper we show that when gamma is written as a function of the relativistic energy of the considered object the resulting expressions for the length and for the time interval suggest that the contraction of length as well as the dilation of the time interval are manifestations of the wave behavior of matter.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Visualization of a particle's wave function in the double slits experiment

The double slits experiment is a basic phenomenon, which allows to explain principal behaviour of quantum systems. However, textbooks present static pictures of corresponding interference patterns. At the same time, modern computer software for PDE solution provides an opportunity for dynamical modeling of a wave function behaviour using a numerical solution of Schroedinger's equation and to use the obtained demonstrations in a teaching of physics. This material presents such a dynamical animated simulation.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Resolution of Kantor and Babcock-Bergman Emission Theory Anomalies

Kantor's 1962 interferometer result supporting the emission theory of light was tested by Babcock and Bergman in 1964 but with rotating glass plates placed in a vacuum. The results falsified the theory that light passing out of the glass continued at greater than c in the lab frame, but the anomalies were not resolved. We review these anomalies as well as related and poorly understood effects including kinetic reverse refraction and non-linear optics. We also consider advances in science and astrophysics and find and describe a theoretical resolution. We find that Kantor's finding may also be apparent without violating the postulates of Special Relativity or invoking an absolute 'ether' frame. Relationships between Maxwell's near field transition zone, photo-ionization, non-linear optics and the surface electro/magneto-optic Kerr effects emerge, building an ontological construction which we describe and quantify. Proper time is found to be required for proper speed. A relativistic theoretical model is built from a diffractive mechanism, as used by the US Naval Observatory for accuracy in the AA2010 aberration declination model, but now with a consistent relativistic theory to support the model. We show how the inconsistency between Michelson's 1924 experiment supporting ether and his famous null result may arise from systemic asymmetry of crossing counts. The quantum mechanisms of Raman scattering, optical axis rotation, and CMB frames last scattered are shown to directly derive the Special Relativity postulates.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Dynamical 3-Space: Gravitational Wave Detection and the Shnoll Effect

Shnoll has investigated the non-Poisson scatter of rate measurements in various phenomena such as biological and chemical reactions, radioactive decay, photodiode current leakage and germanium semiconductor noise, and attributed the scatter to cosmophysical factors. While Shnoll didn't pinpoint the nature of the cosmophysical factors the Process Physics model of reality leads to a description of space, which is dynamic and fractal and exhibits reverberation effects, and which offers an explanation for the scattering anomaly. The work presented here shows a new way of generating the effects Shnoll discovered, through studying the phase difference of RF EM waves travelling through a dual coaxial cable Gravitational Wave Detector experiment.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Compton Effect in the Medium with Non-unity Refractive Index

The foundations of the modern quantum theory of electro-magnetic radiation and its interaction with medium are constituted by the Einstein's theory of photo-effect and the theory of Compton effect. However, in the theory proposed by Compton and subsequent refinements, the medium features in explicit form are not generally accounted at all. This theory is based on the relationship between the photon momentum and its energy that may take place only in vacuum, but not in a medium with non-unity refractive index n. Here, we use Abraham's representation for the momentum of a photon in medium for the creation of a new consistent Compton effect theory accounting for media features. A new condition under which anomalous Compton effect is possible, is defined. In our case, due to the photon scattering on a moving electron, the photon's energy can increase when the electron velocity is above a threshold value, in analogy with the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation effect. In our theory we also provide a new description of the parameters for scattered electrons, which is important for the experimental determination of the dependence of the Compton effect in medium on refractive index n.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Ruler measurements give space-time-transformation-independent invariant lengths

Two thought experiments are described in which ruler measurements of spatial intervals are performed in different reference frames. They demonstrate that such intervals are frame-independent as well as independent of the nature of the space-time transformation equations. As explained in detail elsewhere, the `length contraction' effect of conventional special relativity theory is therefore spurious and unphysical.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Analysis and Modeling of Microstructured Fiber Using The Analytical Method Based on The Empirical Equation

In this paper, a new class of optical fibers is studied, i.e. microstructured fibers or photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The main objective is to characterize these fibers using different dispersion diagrams and present an interface that enables calculation of various transverse indexes. The choice of these profiles was guided by a simplification achievement. Furthermore, in order to acquire expertise in air-silica microstructured fibers, a behavior modeling of these particular structures is proposed in this paper in order to present an analytical method based on empirical equations. The fibers treated in this paper have a triangular arrangement of holes corresponding to the natural arrangement of a bundle of cylindrical tubes around a central rod of the same diameter.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

On the Alternative Theories of Cosmology

In this article first we present a brief review of some alternative theories of cosmology. Then by referring to some of the main works done in these theories we show that how they can describe the phenomena which are explained nowadays in the framework of standard model of cosmology(SM).

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

A simple minded question: Do we live in the four-dimensional spacetime?

A new approach in the Newtonian space and time, based upon the assumption that inertial mass is the quantitative measure of the matter. It has been shown that in case of a special physical system, a supposed matter transfer may reproduce the relativistic mass increase of an accelerated particle. As a consequence, the relativistic time dilation in the accelerated system can be explained. It is shown that subsequent accelerations produce systems, whose equivalent masses and the rate of the equivalent clocks do not depend on their relative velocity in a way predicted by the theory of special relativity. It is also shown that adding a small velocity dependent component to the static gravitational force, the measured peri-helium shift and the light deflection can be reproduced. Some explanations of the experienced behaviour of the photons, based on their changing mass, are offered.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

It From Bit and The Unsmooth Reality

In this short essay it is argued that the "It from Bit" idea is plausible when assuming "generalized bits", resulting from the Kolmogorov superposition theorem, as universal building blocks.

physics.gen-ph↗