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arXiv2013

Minimal length, maximal momentum and thermodynamics of black body radiation

In this paper we study thermodynamics of black body radiation in the presence of quantum gravitational effects through a Generalized Uncertainty Principle that admits both a minimal measurable length and a maximal momentum. We focus on quantum gravity induced modifications of thermodynamical quantities in this framework. Some important issues such as the generalized Planck distribution, Wien s law and Dulong Petit law are studied in this setup with details.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Algebraic analysis of linear systems with double type of perturbations

Linear systems under the influence of nonlinear and random linear perturbations, and with random initial and boundary conditions, are discussed. The notion of states of a system is substituted by the notion of the generating vectors for n-point information (n-pi), n=0,1,2,..., characterizing a system at different space-time points. A complete system of equations for physical n-pi are derived and certain universal expansions are proposed.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Annotations regarding the Oxford Questions

The recently published "Oxford Questions" are supplemented with annotations concerning: doctrine of wave packets collapse (and sub- sidiarily Schrodinger's cat thought experiment), description of quan- tum measurements respectively interpretation of uncertainty relations.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Geometric Structure of Higher-Dimensional Spheres

We explain in some detail the geometric structure of spheres in any dimension. Our approach may be helpful for other homogeneous spaces (with other signatures) such as the de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces. We apply the procedure to the recently proposed division-algebras/Poincaré-conjecture correspondence. Moreover, we explore the possibility of a connection between N-qubit system and the Hopf maps. We also discuss the possible links of our work with squashed-spheres in supergravity and pseudo-spheres in oriented matroid theory.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Coordinate Geometric Generalization of the Spherometer and Cylindrometer

Spherometer is an instrument widely used for measuring the radius of curvature of a spherical surface. Cylindrometer is a modified spherometer, which can measure the radii of both spherical and cylindrical surfaces. Both of these instruments are based on a geometric relation unique to circles and spheres, from Euclidean geometry. A more general understanding is obtained using coordinate geometry. The coordinate geometric approach also enables a generalization of the spherometer and cylindrometer to devices, which can handle aspherical surfaces. Here, we present the newly developed coordinate geometric approach and its applications.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Does Life Come from Water or Fluids?

In the present work the Stochastic generalization of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (SQHA) is used to obtain the far from equilibrium kinetics for a real gas and its fluid phase. In gasses and their liquids, interacting by Lennard-Jones potentials whose mean distance is bigger than the quantum correlation distance and than the molecular interaction distance r0, it is possible to define a Fokker-Plank type equation of motion as a function of the mean phase space molecular volume that far from equilibrium shows maximizing the dissipation of a part of the generalized SQHA-free energy. In the case of a real gas with no chemical reactions and at quasi-isothermal conditions, the principle disembogues into the maximum free energy dissipation confirming the experimental outputs of electro-convective instability. In this case, the model shows that the transition to stationary states with higher free energy can happen and that, in incompressible fluids, the increase of free energy is almost given by a decrease of entropy leading to the appearance of self-ordered structures. The output of the theory showing that the generation of order, via energy dissipation, is more efficient in fluids than in gasses, because of their incompressibility, leads to the re-conciliation between physics and biology furnishing the eplanation why the life was born in water. The theoretical output also suggests that the search for life out of the earth must consider the possibility to find it in presence of liquid phases different from water.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Generating Functional in String Field Theory

In our paper, we introduce a path integral of general functional field in order to build the path integral formalism in string field theory from the fact that a string field is a functional field, and describe a method for calculating it in the case of "Gauss-type". We also obtain the generating functional of an open bosonic string and the corresponding Feynman diagram.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Observed Gravitational Wave Effects: Amaldi 1980 Frascati-Rome Classical Bar Detectors, 2013 Perth-London Zener-Diode Quantum Detectors, Earth Oscillation Mode Frequencies

Amaldi et al. in 1981 reported two key discoveries from the Frascati and Rome gravitational wave cryogenic bar detectors: (a) Rome events delayed by within a few seconds to tens of seconds from the Frascati events, and (b) the Frascati Fourier-analysed data frequency peaks being the same as the earth oscillation frequencies from seismology. The time delay effects have been dismissed as being inconsistent with gravitational waves having speed c. However using data from zener diode quantum detectors, from Perth and London, for January 1-3, 2013, we report the same effects, and in excellent agreement with the Amaldi results. The time delay effects appear to be gravitational wave reverberations, recently observed, and for gravitational wave speeds of some 500km/s, as detected in numerous experiments. We conclude that the Amaldi et al. discoveries were very significant.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

The Anomalous Nambu-Goldstone Theorem in Relativistic/Nonrelativistic Quantum Field Theory

The anomalous Nambu-Goldstone (NG) theorem which is found as a violation of counting law of the number of NG bosons of the normal NG theorem in nonrelativistic and Lorentz-symmetry-violated relativistic theories is studied in detail, with emphasis on its mathematical aspect from Lie algebras, geometry to number theory. The basis of counting law of NG bosons in the anomalous NG theorem is examined by Lie algebras (local) and Lie groups (global). A quasi-Heisenberg algebra is found generically in various symmetry breaking schema of the anomalous NG theorem, and it indicates that it causes a violation/modification of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation in an NG sector which can be experimentally confirmed. The formalism of effective potential is presented for understanding the mechanism of anomalous NG theorem with the aid of our result of Lie algebras. After an investigation on a bosonic kaon condensation model with a finite chemical potential as an explicit Lorentz-symmetry-breaking parameter, a model Lagrangian approach on the anomalous NG theorem is given for our general discussion. Not only the condition of the counting law of true NG bosons, but also the mechanism to generate a mass of massive NG boson is also found by our examination on the kaon condensation model. Furthermore, the generation of a massive mode in the NG sector is understood by the quantum uncertainty relation of the Heisenberg algebra, obtained from a symmetry breaking of a Lie algebra, which realizes in the effective potential of the kaon condensation model. Hence the relation between a symmetry breaking scheme, a Heisenberg algebra, a mode-mode coupling, and the mechanism of mass generation in an NG sector is established. Finally, some relations between the Riemann hypothesis and the anomalous NG theorem are presented.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Expected velocity anomaly for the Earth flyby of Juno spacecraft on October 9, 2013

The so-called flyby anomaly is a yet unexplainable velocity jump measured at several Earth flybys of spacecraft. Known physical effects could be excluded as source of this anomaly. In order to model a possible new physical effect, empirical equations were proposed by Busack (2007) and Anderson et al. (2007), which gave quite good description of all measured anomalies. Some theories were suggested deriving the Anderson formula or a similar one. The recent two Earth flybys of the spacecraft Rosetta showed no measurable anomaly, although the Anderson formula predicted distinct effects for both flybys. The Busack formula predicted the null results, so the notion of a possibly correct formula or of an error of the older measuring software was supported. The forthcoming Earth flyby of Juno gives a good opportunity to decide this question or give rise to enhanced theory, because the orbit parameters are very similar to earlier flybys with notable effects. In this article, the flyby anomaly according to the Busack equation will be predicted to be about -7mm/s in contrast to the value after the Anderson equation and similar ones with distinct positive value of the order of +6mm/s.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

On symmetry and topological origin of Weyl particles

We suggest that the Weil spinors originate from the multi - component fermion fields. Those fields belong to the unusual theory that, presumably, exists at extremely high energies. In this theory there is no Lorentz symmetry. Moreover, complex numbers are not used in the description of its dynamics. Namely, the one - particle wave functions are real - valued, the functional integral that describes the second - quantised theory does not contain the imaginary unit as well. In the low energy effective theory the two - component Weil spinors appear. Their appearance is related to the Atiyah-Bott-Shapiro construction and to the expansion of the real matrix near the topologically protected nodes in three dimensional momentum space. The complex numbers entering ordinary quantum mechanics emerge together with the Weil fermions. In this pattern gauge fields and gravitational fields appear as certain collective excitations (of the original theory) experienced by the low - energy Weil fermions.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

The Darwin-Breit magnetic interaction and superconductivity

A number of facts indicating the relevance of the Darwin magnetic interaction energy in the superconducting phase are pointed out. The magnetic interaction term derived by Darwin is the same as the, so called, Breit term in relativistic quantum mechanics. While this term always is a small perturbation in few body systems it can be shown to be potentially dominating in systems of large numbers of electrons. It is therefore a natural candidate in the explanation of emergent phenomena---phenomena that only occur in sufficiently large systems. The dimensionless parameter that indicates the importance of the magnetic energy is the number of electrons times the classical electron radius divided by the size of the system. The number of electrons involved are only the electrons at the Fermi surface; electrons with lower energy cannot contribute to current density and thus not to the magnetic field. The conventional understanding of superconductivity has always been problematic and no really reductionistic derivation exists. The idea that the inductive inertia, due to magnetism, is important in the explanation of superconductivity was first advanced by Frenkel and later brought up by Welker before it was prematurely discarded. So were theories involving Wigner crystallization. We speculate that the answer requires the combination of a Wigner lattice and the Darwin interaction. We point out that the Darwin interaction can be shown to have the right order of magnitude to explain the energy scales involved in normal superconductors. The London magnetic moment of rotating superconductors and the Meissner effect and their connection are discussed next. The London moment is shown to indicate that the number of electrons involved in the superconducting condensate is such that the Darwin interaction cannot be neglected.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

A New Approach to the Yang-Mills Gauge Theory of Gravity and its Applications

We shall give dynamics to our spacetime manifold by first identifying the local affine symmetry as the characterizing symmetry for our geometry a'la Felix Klein, this symmetry is imposed on us by the Law of Inertia and the Law of Causality. We then prescribe 16 gauge vector bosons to this symmetry a'la Yang and Mills. The locally affine symmetric Yang-Mills Lagrangian in the presence of a background world metric, and the corresponding equations of motion, are respectively constructed and derived. Spontaneous breaking of the local affine symmetry to the local Lorentz symmetry is achieved by classical solutions to the equations of motion. In these classical solutions, the 16 gauge vector bosons are shown to select the Schwarzschild metric as one among the admissible background world metrics. Classical gravity is thus be expressed by a spontaneously broken Erlangen program. We shall also show that this Yang-Mills gauge theory of gravity can give an explanation of the form of the galactic rotation curves, of the amount of intergalactic gravitational lensing, and of the accelerating expansion of the Universe.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

The energy conservation law in hydrodynamics vs the pseudo-law of alternative energy. Comment on 'Alternative energy vs pseudoscience' and the papers cited and not cited therein

A series of papers in the ISJAEE Journal on 'dam-free hydroelectric power station' concluded by paper: Zotyev, D. B., Alternative energy vs pseudo-science, ISJAEE. 2013. 8(130). P.131-136, is reviewed and commented. A comparison with the generally accepted energy conservation law in hydrodynamics reveals a disappointingly low scientific level of the reviewed papers (both pro- and contra- the dam-free concept), not excluding the published peer-reviewer reports. In the present version we emphasize that the ISJAEE journal published several papers, which neglect and reject the basic physical concepts, such as the Bernoulli integral, the energy conservation law in hydrodynamics, the wave function of photon and some others, with all these rejected concepts being far beyond the scientific scope of the journal. Some readers will be more concerned about the energy equation in hydrodynamics, in its theoretical form or in the Bernoulli integral form as being more traditional in technical hydromechanics. Some readers will be shocked with the statement that a photon does not possess the wave function. Overall, in this way or in that way, all readers will hardly stay unsurprised.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2013

Comment on "Spin in an arbitrary gravitational field" arXiv:1308.4552

The authors of that work [Phys. Rev. D 88, 084014 (2013)], arXiv:1308.4552, derive quantum-mechanical equations valid for the covariant Dirac equation by restricting the choice of the tetrad field through the use of the "Schwinger gauge". Yet it has been shown previously that this gauge leaves space for a physical ambiguity of the Hamiltonian operator. It is shown here precisely how this ambiguity occurs with their settings. There is another ambiguity in the Foldy-Wouthuysen Hamiltonian, for the time-dependent case which is relevant here. However, their equations of motion for classical spinning particles are unambiguous.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Relativistic spinor equation of photon

In this paper, we have proposed the spiron equation of free and non-free photon, and give the spin operator and spin wave function of photon. We calculate the helicity of photon and prove there are left-handed and right-handed photon. By the spiron equation of non-free photon, we can study the quantum property of photon in medium, which can be used in quantum optics, photonic crystals and so on.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Study of variations as desired-relative (DELTA), rather than absolute, differences: falsification of the purpose of achieving source-representative and closely comparable lab-results

Recently (arXiv:1101.0973), it has been pointed out by us that the possible variation in any source (S) specific elemental isotopic (viz. 2H/1H) abundance ratio SR can more accurately be assessed by its absolute estimate Sr [viz. as (Sr - DR), with D as a standard-source] than by either corresponding measured-relative (S/W-DELTA) estimate ([Sr/Wr] - 1) or DELTA-scale-converted-relative (S/D-DELTA) estimate ([Sr/DR] - 1). Here, we present the fundamentals behind scale-conversion, thereby enabling to understand why at all Sr should be the source- and/ or variation-characterizing key, i.e. why different lab-specific results should be more closely comparable as absolute estimates (SrLab1, SrLab2) than as desired-relative (S/D-DELTALab1, S/D-DELTALab2) estimates. Further, the study clarifies that: (i) the DELTA-scale-conversion (S/W-DELTA into S/D-DELTA, even with the aid of calibrated auxiliary-reference-standard(s) Ai(s)) cannot make the estimates (as S/D-DELTA, and thus Sr) free of the measurement-reference W; (ii) the employing of (increasing number of) Ai-standards should cause the estimates to be rather (increasingly) inaccurate and, additionally, Ai(s)-specific; and (iii) the S/D-DELTA-estimate may, specifically if S happens to be very close to D in isotopic composition (IC), even misrepresent S; but the corresponding Sr should be very accurate. However, for S and W to be increasingly closer in IC, the S/D-DELTA-estimate and also Sr are shown to be increasingly accurate, irrespective of whether the S/W-DELTA-measurement accuracy could thus be improved or not. Clearly, improvement in measurement-accuracy should ensure additional accuracy in results.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2014

Kinematic relativity of quantum Hamiltonian

It is shown that the well-known relativistic correction of quantum Hamiltonian that is present in textbooks appears after quantization of oversimplified relativistic kinetic energy decomposition. Using the proper expression one obtains the kinetic energy operator which relation with the ususal one is consistent with corresponding relation of kinetic energies in special relativity theory. The Schrödinger equation with this operator gives new interesting possibilities for quantum phenomena description.

physics.gen-ph↗