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arXiv2014

Thermal photon $v_2$ with slow quark chemical equilibration

Elliptic flow of direct photons in high-energy heavy ion collisions has been a topic of great interest as it is experimentally found larger than most hydrodynamic expectations. I discuss the implication of possible late formation of quark component in the hot QCD medium on the photon elliptic flow as quarks are the source of thermal photons in the deconfined phase. Hydrodynamic equations are numerically solved with the evolution equations for quark and gluon number densities. The numerical results suggest that thermal photon $v_2$ is visibly enhanced by the slow chemical equilibration of quarks and gluons, reducing the aforementioned problem.

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arXiv2014

Momentum transport away from a jet in an expanding nuclear medium

We study the transport dynamics of momenta deposited from jets in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Assuming that the high-energy partons traverse expanding quark-gluon fluids and are subject to lose their energy and momentum, we simulate dijet asymmetric events by solving relativistic hydrodynamic equations numerically without linearization in the fully (3+1)-dimensional coordinate. Mach cones are formed and strongly broadened by radial flow of the background medium. As a result, the yield of low-$p_{T}$ particles increases at large angles from the jet axis and compensates the dijet momentum imbalance inside the jet-cone. This provides an intimate link between the medium excitation by jets and results in dijet asymmetric events observed by the CMS Collaboration.

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arXiv2014

Break-up channels in muon capture on 3He

The mu + 2H -> nu + n + n, mu + 3He -> nu + 3H, mu + 3He -> nu + n + d and mu + 3He -> nu + n + n + p capture reactions are studied with various realistic potentials under full inclusion of final state interactions. Our results for the two- and three-body break-up of 3He are calculated with a variety of nucleon-nucleon potentials, among which is the AV18 potential, augmented by the Urbana~IX three-nucleon potential. Most of our results are based on the single nucleon weak current operator. As a first step, we have tested our calculation in the case of the mu + 2H -> nu + n + n and mu + 3He -> nu + 3H reactions, for which theoretical predictions obtained in a comparable framework are available. Additionally, we have been able to obtain for the first time a realistic estimate for the total rates of the muon capture reactions on 3He in the break-up channels: 544 1/s and 154 1/s for the n + d and n + n + p channels, respectively. Our results have also been compared with the most recent experimental data, finding a rough agreement for the total capture rates, but failing to reproduce the differential capture rates.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2014

Correlations and neutrinoless $ββ$ decay nuclear matrix elements of $pf$-shell nuclei

We calculate the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) for neutrinoless double-beta decays ($0νββ$) of $pf$-shell nuclei using the shell model (SM) and energy density functional (EDF) methods. The systematic study of non-physical decays (except for $^{48}$Ca) of Ca$\rightarrow$Ti, Ti$\rightarrow$Cr and Cr$\rightarrow$Fe allows for a detailed comparison between the two nuclear structure approaches. We observe that while the dominant Gamow-Teller part of the NME differs roughly by a factor of two between SM and EDF, when we restrict the calculations to spherical EDF states and seniority-zero SM configurations, the NMEs obtained by both methods are strikingly similar. This points out to the important role of nuclear structure correlations for $0νββ$ decay NMEs. We identify correlations associated with high-seniority components in the initial and final states of the decay as one of the reasons for the discrepancies between SM and EDF results. We also explore exact projection to good isospin, and conclude that it has only a moderate effect in the Gamow-Teller part of the NMEs but strongly affects the Fermi contribution. This work opens up the door for NME benchmarks between different theoretical approaches, and constitutes a step forward towards more reliable estimations of the NMEs.

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arXiv2014

Three-nucleon forces and spectroscopy of neutron-rich calcium isotopes

We study excited-state properties of neutron-rich calcium isotopes based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions. We first discuss the details of our many-body framework, investigate convergence properties, and for two-nucleon interactions benchmark against coupled-cluster calculations. We then focus on the spectroscopy of 47-56Ca, finding that with both 3N forces and an extended pfg9/2 valence space, we obtain a good level of agreement with experiment. We also study electromagnetic transitions and find that experimental data are well described by our calculations. In addition, we provide predictions for unexplored properties of neutron-rich calcium isotopes.

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arXiv2014

Corrections to Eikonal Approximation for Nuclear Scattering at Medium Energies

The upcoming Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University has reemphasized the importance of accurate modeling of low energy nucleus-nucleus scattering. Such calculations have been simplified by using the eikonal approximation. As a high energy approximation, however, its accuracy suffers for the medium energy beams that are of current experimental interest. A prescription developed by Wallace \cite{Wallace:1971zz,Wallace:1973iu} that obtains the scattering propagator as an expansion around the eikonal propagator (Glauber approach) has the potential to extend the range of validity of the approximation to lower energies. Here we examine the properties of this expansion, and calculate the first-, second-, and third-order corrections for the scattering of a spinless particle off of a ${}^{40}$Ca nucleus, and for nuclear breakup reactions involving ${}^{11}$Be. We find that, including these corrections extends the lower bound of the range of validity of the down to energies of 40 MeV. At that energy the corrections provide as much as a 15\% correction to certain processes.

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arXiv2014

Eccentricity distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions

We propose a new parametrization of the distribution of the initial eccentricity in a nucleus-nucleus collision at a fixed centrality, which we name the Elliptic Power distribution. It is a two-parameter distribution, where one of the parameters corresponds to the intrinsic eccentricity, while the other parameter controls the magnitude of eccentricity fluctuations. Unlike the previously used Bessel- Gaussian distribution, which becomes worse for more peripheral collisions, the new Elliptic Power distribution fits several Monte Carlo models of the initial state for all centralities.

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arXiv2014

$J/ψ$ production at low $p_T$ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV at STAR

The $\jpsi$ $\pt$ spectrum and nuclear modification factor ($\raa$) are reported for $\pt < 5 \ \gevc$ and $|y|<1$ from 0\% to 60\% central Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\snn = 200 \ \gev$ at STAR. A significant suppression of $\pt$-integrated $\jpsi$ production is observed in central Au+Au events. The Cu+Cu data are consistent with no suppression, although the precision is limited by the available statistics. $\raa$ in Au+Au collisions exhibits a strong suppression at low transverse momentum and gradually increases with $\pt$. The data are compared to high-$\pt$ STAR results and previously published BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider results. Comparing with model calculations, it is found that the invariant yields at low $\pt$ are significantly above hydrodynamic flow predictions but are consistent with models that include color screening and regeneration.

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arXiv2014

Azimuthal correlations of heavy quarks in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC ($\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV)

In this paper we study the azimuthal correlations of heavy quarks in Pb+Pb collisions with $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV at LHC. Due to the interaction with the medium heavy quarks and antiquarks are deflected from their original direction and the initial correlation of the pair is broadened. We investigate this effect for different transverse momentum classes. Low-momentum heavy-quark pairs lose their leading order back-to-back initial correlation, while a significant residual correlation survives at large momenta. Due to the larger acquired average deflection from their original directions the azimuthal correlations of heavy-quark pairs are broadened more efficiently in a purely collisional energy loss mechanism compared to including radiative corrections. This discriminatory feature survives when next-to-leading order production processes are included.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Measurement of jet fragmentation in PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

The jet fragmentation function of inclusive jets with transverse momentum pt above 100 GeV in PbPb collisions has been measured using reconstructed charged particles with pt above 1 GeV in a cone of radius 0.3 around the jet axis. A data sample of PbPb collisions collected in 2011 at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 inverse microbarns is used. The results for PbPb collisions as a function of collision centrality and jet transverse momentum are compared to reference distributions based on pp data collected at the same center-of-mass energy in 2013, with an integrated luminosity of 5.3 inverse picobarns. A centrality-dependent modification of the fragmentation function is found. For the most central collisions, a significant enhancement is observed in the PbPb / pp fragmentation function ratio for charged particles with pt less than 3 GeV. This enhancement is observed for all jet pt bins studied.

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arXiv2014

System-size and energy dependence of particle momentum spectra: The UrQMD analysis of p+p and Pb+Pb collisions

The UrQMD transport model is used to study a system-size and energy dependence of the pion production in high energy collisions. New data of the NA61/SHINE Collaboration on spectra of negatively charged pions in proton-proton interactions at SPS energies are considered. These results are compared with the corresponding data of the NA49 Collaboration in central Pb+Pb collisions at the same collision energies per nucleon. Mean pion multiplicity per participant nucleon, inverse slope parameter of the transverse momentum spectra, and width of rapidity distribution are investigated. A role of isospin effects is discussed. We find that the UrQMD model predicts a non-monotonous behavior of mean transverse mass with collision energy for positively charged pions at the mid-rapidity in inelastic proton-proton interactions. This will be checked soon experimentally by NA61/SHINE Collaboration.

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arXiv2014

A new measurement of the rare decay eta -> pi^0 gamma gamma with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron

A new measurement of the rare, doubly radiative decay eta->pi^0 gamma gamma was conducted with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. New data on the dependence of the partial decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma), on the two-photon invariant mass squared, m^2(gamma gamma), as well as a new, more precise value for the decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma) = (0.33+/-0.03_tot) eV, are based on analysis of 1.2 x 10^3 eta->pi^0 gamma gamma decays from a total of 6 x 10^7 eta mesons produced in the gamma p -> eta p reaction. The present results for dGamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma)/dm^2(gamma gamma) are in good agreement with previous measurements and recent theoretical calculations for this dependence.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2014

Azimuthal Emission Patterns of $K^{+}$ and of $ K^{-} $ Mesons in Ni + Ni Collisions near the Strangeness Production Threshold

Azimuthal emission patterns of $K^\pm$ mesons have been measured in Ni + Ni collisions with the FOPI spectrometer at a beam kinetic energy of 1.91 A GeV. The transverse momentum $p_{T}$ integrated directed and elliptic flow of $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons as well as the centrality dependence of $p_{T}$ - differential directed flow of $K^{+}$ mesons are compared to the predictions of HSD and IQMD transport models. The data exhibits different propagation patterns of $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons in the compressed and heated nuclear medium and favor the existence of a kaon-nucleon in-medium potential, repulsive for $K^{+}$ mesons and attractive for $K^{-}$ mesons.

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arXiv2014

Pion transverse charge density and the edge of hadrons

We use the world data on the pion form factor for space-like kinematics and a technique previously used to extract the proton transverse densities to extract the transverse pion charge density and its uncertainty due the incomplete knowledge of the pion form factor at large values of Q2 and the experimental uncertainties. The pion charge density at small values of impact parameter b<0.1 fm is dominated by this incompleteness error while the range between 0.1-0.3 fm is relatively well constrained. A comparison of pion and proton transverse charge densities shows that the pion is denser than the proton for values of b<0.2 fm. The pion and proton transverse charge densities seem to be the same for values of b=0.3-0.6 fm. Future data from Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) 12 GeV and the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will increase the dynamic extent of the form factor data to higher values of Q2 and thus reduce the uncertainties in the extracted pion transverse charge density.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2014

Compton Scattering from \nuc{6}{Li} at 86 MeV

Cross sections for \nuc{6}{Li}($γ$,$γ$)\nuc{6}{Li} have been measured at the High Intensity Gamma-Ray Source (\HIGS) and the sensitivity of these cross sections to the nucleon isoscalar polarizabilities was studied. Data were collected using a quasi-monoenergetic 86 MeV photon beam at photon scattering angles of 40$^{\circ}$--160$^{\circ}$. These results are an extension of a previous measurement at a lower energy. The earlier work indicated that the \nuc{6}{Li}($γ$,$γ$)\nuc{6}{Li} reaction at 60 MeV provides a means of extracting the nucleon polarizabilities; this work demonstrates that the sensitivity of the cross section to the polarizabilities is increased at 86 MeV. A full theoretical treatment is needed to verify this conclusion and produce values of the polarizabilities.

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arXiv2014

The experiments with the High Resolution Kaon Spectrometer at JLab Hall C and the new spectroscopy of ${}^{12}_Λ\text{B}$ hypernuclei

Since the pioneering experiment, E89-009 studying hypernuclear spectroscopy using the $(e,e^{\prime}K^+)$ reaction was completed, two additional experiments, E01-011 and E05-115, were performed at Jefferson Lab. These later experiments used a modified experimental design, the "tilt method", to dramatically suppress the large electromagnetic background, and allowed for a substantial increase in luminosity. Additionally, a new kaon spectrometer, HKS (E01-011), a new electron spectrometer, HES, and a new splitting magnet were added to produce precision, high-resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy. These two experiments, E01-011 and E05-115, resulted in two new data sets, producing sub-MeV energy resolution in the spectra of ${}^{7}_Λ\text{He}$, ${}^{12}_Λ\text{B}$ and ${}^{28}_Λ\text{Al}$ and ${}^{7}_Λ\text{He}$, ${}^{10}_Λ\text{Be}$, ${}^{12}_Λ\text{B}$ and ${}^{52}_Λ\text{V}$. All three experiments obtained a ${}^{12}_Λ\text{B}$, spectrum, which is the most characteristic $p$-shell hypernucleus and is commonly used for calibration. Independent analyses of these different experiments demonstrate excellent consistency and provide the clearest level structure to date of this hypernucleus as produced by the $(e,e^{\prime}K^+)$ reaction. This paper presents details of these experiments, and the extraction and analysis of the observed ${}^{12}_Λ\text{B}$ spectrum.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2014

Shell structure of potassium isotopes deduced from their magnetic moments

\item[Background] Ground-state spins and magnetic moments are sensitive to the nuclear wave function, thus they are powerful probes to study the nuclear structure of isotopes far from stability. \item[Purpose] Extend our knowledge about the evolution of the $1/2^+$ and $3/2^+$ states for K isotopes beyond the $N = 28$ shell gap. \item[Method] High-resolution collinear laser spectroscopy on bunched atomic beams. \item[Results] From measured hyperfine structure spectra of K isotopes, nuclear spins and magnetic moments of the ground states were obtained for isotopes from $N = 19$ up to $N = 32$. In order to draw conclusions about the composition of the wave functions and the occupation of the levels, the experimental data were compared to shell-model calculations using SDPF-NR and SDPF-U effective interactions. In addition, a detailed discussion about the evolution of the gap between proton $1d_{3/2}$ and $2s_{1/2}$ in the shell model and {\it{ab initio}} framework is also presented. \item[Conclusions] The dominant component of the wave function for the odd-$A$ isotopes up to $^{45}$K is a $π1d_{3/2}^{-1}$ hole. For $^{47,49}$K, the main component originates from a $π2s_{1/2}^{-1}$ hole configuration and it inverts back to the $π1d_{3/2}^{-1}$ in $^{51}$K. For all even-$A$ isotopes, the dominant configuration arises from a $π1d_{3/2}^{-1}$ hole coupled to a neutron in the $ν1f_{7/2}$ or $ν2p_{3/2}$ orbitals. Only for $^{48}$K, a significant amount of mixing with $π2s_{1/2}^{-1} \otimes ν(pf)$ is observed leading to a $I^π=1^{-}$ ground state. For $^{50}$K, the ground-state spin-parity is $0^-$ with leading configuration $π1d_{3/2}^{-1} \otimes ν2p_{3/2}^{-1}$.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2014

Systematic study of breakup effects on complete fusion at energies above the Coulomb barrier

A large number of complete fusion excitation functions of reactions including the breakup channel were measured in recent decades, especially in the last few years. It allows us to investigate the systematic behavior of the breakup effects on the complete fusion cross sections. To this end, we perform a systematic study of the breakup effects on the complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier. The reduced fusion functions F(x) are compared with the universal fusion functions which are used as a uniform standard reference. The complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier are suppressed by the breakup of projectiles. This suppression effect for reactions induced by the same projectile is independent of the target and mainly determined by the lowest energy breakup channel of the projectile. There holds a good exponential relation between the suppression factor and the energy corresponding to the lowest breakup threshold.

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