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Resonant interaction between an ultrashort pulse train and a two-level system: frequency domain analysis

We investigate the problem of two-level atoms driven by an ultrashort pulse train in the frequency domain. At low intensity regime, we obtain a perturbative analytical solution that allows us to discuss the role of the mode number of the frequency comb near or at resonance on the temporal evolution of the atomic coherence. At high intensities, the effect of the number of modes is analyzed in the steady-state regime through numerical calculations.

physics.atom-ph↗

Suppressing phase decoherence of a single atom qubit with CPMG sequence

We experimentally demonstrate the strong suppression of dephasing of a qubit stored in a single \textsuperscript{87}Rb atom in an optical dipole trap by using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG) pulse sequences. Regarded as a repetition of spin echo, CPMG sequence is an optimal choice for suppressing both inhomogeneous and homogeneous phase decoherence mechanisms. In the trap with 830 nm wavelength and 0.7 mK potential depth, the spin relaxation time of single atoms is showed to be 830.8 ms. We obtain the reversible inhomogeneous dephasing time of $T_{2}^{\ast}$=1.4 ms. The homogeneous dephasing time is $T_{2}^{\prime}$ =102.7 ms in the spin echo process, by employing CPMG sequence with pulse number n = 6 the homogeneous dephasing is further suppressed by a factor of 3, and its corresponding coherence time is extended to $T_{2}^{\prime}$=304.5 ms.

quant-ph↗

Dynamics of ion cloud in a linear Paul trap

A linear ion trap setup has been developed for studying the dynamics of trapped ion cloud and thereby realizing possible systematics of a high precision measurement on a single ion within it. The dynamics of molecular nitrogen ion cloud has been investigated to extract the characteristics of the trap setup. The stability of trap operation has been studied with observation of narrow nonlinear resonances pointing out the region of instabilities within the broad stability region. The secular frequency has been measured and the motional spectra of trapped ion oscillation have been obtained by using electric dipole excitation. It is applied to study the space charge effect and the axial coupling in the radial plane.

physics.atom-ph↗

Spectroscopy, Manipulation and Trapping of Neutral Atoms, Molecules, and Other Particles using Optical Nanofibers: A Review

The use of tapered optical fibers, i.e., optical nanofibers, for spectroscopy and the detection of small numbers of particles, such as neutral atoms or molecules, has been gaining ground in recent years. In this review, we briefly introduce the optical nanofiber, its fabrication and optical mode propagation within. We discuss recent progress on the integration of optical nanofibers into laser-cooled atom and vapor systems, paying particular attention to spectroscopy, cold atom cloud characterization and optical trapping schemes. Next, a natural extension on this work to molecules will be introduced. Finally, we consider several alternatives to optical nanofibers that display some advantages for particular applications.

physics.atom-ph↗

Quantum science and metrology with mixed-species ion chains

This chapter reviews recent developments in the use of mixed-species ion chains in quantum information science, frequency metrology and spectroscopy. A growing number of experiments have demonstrated new methods in this area, opening up new possibilities for quantum state generation, quantum control of previously inaccessible ions, and the ability to maintain quantum control over extended periods. I describe these methods, providing details of the techniques which are required in order to work with such systems. In addition, I present perspectives on possible future uses of quantum logic spectroscopy techniques, which have the potential to extend precision control of atomic ions to a large range of atomic and molecular species.

quant-ph↗

High accuracy photoassociation of $^{40}$Ca near the ${^3P_1}+{^1S_0}$ asymptote and its Zeeman effect

We report on the first measurement of narrow photoassociation lines of $^{40}$Ca near the ${^3P_1}+{^1S_0}$ asymptote related to the molecular states $^3Π_u$ and $^3Σ^+_u$. The highly accurate binding energies and Zeeman splittings are well described by a coupled channel theoretical model, confirming theoretical predictions of long-range coefficients. Our analysis shows that only the inclusion of both energies and Zeeman splittings provides an accurate description of the long-range interaction potentials.

physics.atom-ph↗

The hybrid opacity code SCO-RCG: recent developments

Absorption and emission spectra of multicharged-ion plasmas contain a huge number of electron configurations and electric-dipolar lines, which can be handled by global methods. However, some transition arrays consist only of a small bunch of lines. For that reason, we developed the hybrid opacity code SCO-RCG combining the (statistical) super-transition-array method and the (detailed) fine-structure calculation (requiring the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix) of atomic structure. In order to decide whether a detailed treatment of lines is necessary and to determine the validity of statistical methods, the code involves criteria taking into account coalescence of lines and porosity (localized absence of lines) in transition arrays. Data required for the calculation of detailed transition arrays (Slater, spin-orbit and dipolar integrals) are provided by the super-configuration code SCO, which takes into account plasma screening effects on wavefunctions. Then, level energies and lines are calculated by Cowan's code. Transition arrays for which a detailed treatment is not required or impossible are described statistically, by UTA (Unresolved Transition Arrays) and STA (Super Transition Arrays) formalisms used in SCO. Recent developments are presented, such as the extension of the PRTA (Partially Resolved Transition Array) model to the hybrid approach, as well as comparisons with experimental spectra (laser or Z-pinch).

physics.atom-ph↗

A New Description of Quantum Behaviors for a Simple Harmonic Oscillator

We describe quantum behaviors of a simple harmonic oscillator, starting from the classical mechanics. By imposing two conditions on the phase points generated from a symplectic algorithm, we obtain discrete energy levels, satisfying $E_n τ_n = h$ where $E_n$ is the total energy of the oscillator and $τ_n$ is the time step for the closed orbit of $n$-polygon in phase space. We can thus successfully integrate classical and quantum mechanics into a single frame, if we assume that time is discrete.

quant-ph↗

Implementation of STIRAP in degenerate systems by dimensionality reduction

We consider the problem of the implementation of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) processes in degenerate systems, with a view to be able to steer the system wave function from an arbitrary initial superposition to an arbitrary target superposition. We examine the case a $N$-level atomic system consisting of $ N-1$ ground states coupled to a common excited state by laser pulses. We analyze the general case of initial and final superpositions belonging to the same manifold of states, and we cover also the case in which they are non-orthogonal. We demonstrate that, for a given initial and target superposition, it is always possible to choose the laser pulses so that in a transformed basis the system is reduced to an effective three-level $Λ$ system, and standard STIRAP processes can be implemented. Our treatment leads to a simple strategy, with minimal computational complexity, which allows us to determine the laser pulses shape required for the wanted adiabatic steering.

physics.atom-ph↗

Manipulation of a continuous beam of molecules by light pulses

We experimentally observe the action of multiple light pulses on the transverse motion of a continuous beam of fullerenes. The light potential is generated by non-resonant ultra-short laser pulses in perpendicular spatial overlap with the molecule beam. We observe a small but clear enhancement of the number of molecules in the center fraction of the molecular beam. Relatively low light intensity and short laser pulse duration prevent the molecule from fragmentation and ionization. Experimental results are confirmed by Monte Carlo trajectory simulations.

physics.atm-clus↗

An experimental approach for investigating many-body phenomena in Rydberg-interacting quantum systems

Recent developments in the study of ultracold Rydberg gases demand an advanced level of experimental sophistication, in which high atomic and optical densities must be combined with excellent control of external fields and sensitive Rydberg atom detection. We describe a tailored experimental system used to produce and study Rydberg-interacting atoms excited from dense ultracold atomic gases. The experiment has been optimized for fast duty cycles using a high flux cold atom source and a three beam optical dipole trap. The latter enables tuning of the atomic density and temperature over several orders of magnitude, all the way to the Bose-Einstein condensation transition. An electrode structure surrounding the atoms allows for precise control over electric fields and single-particle sensitive field ionization detection of Rydberg atoms. We review two experiments which highlight the influence of strong Rydberg--Rydberg interactions on different many-body systems. First, the Rydberg blockade effect is used to pre-structure an atomic gas prior to its spontaneous evolution into an ultracold plasma. Second, hybrid states of photons and atoms called dark-state polaritons are studied. By looking at the statistical distribution of Rydberg excited atoms we reveal correlations between dark-state polaritons. These experiments will ultimately provide a deeper understanding of many-body phenomena in strongly-interacting regimes, including the study of strongly-coupled plasmas and interfaces between atoms and light at the quantum level.

physics.atom-ph↗

Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions in Ti VI

We report on calculations of energy levels, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths for transitions among the lowest 253 levels of the (1s$^2$2s$^2$2p$^6$) 3s$^2$3p$^5$, 3s3p$^6$, 3s$^2$3p$^4$3d, 3s3p$^5$3d, 3s$^2$3p$^33d^2$, 3s$^2$3p$^4$4s, 3s$^2$3p$^4$4p and 3s$^2$3p$^4$4d configurations of Ti VI. The general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package ({\sc grasp}) and flexible atomic code ({\sc fac}) are adopted for the calculations. Radiative rates, oscillator strengths and line strengths are reported for all electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among the 253 levels, although calculations have been performed for a much larger number of levels. Comparisons are made with existing available results and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Additionally, lifetimes for all 253 levels are listed, although comparisons with other theoretical results are limited to only 88 levels. Our energy levels are estimated to be accurate to better than 1% (within 0.03 Ryd), whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20%. A reassessment of the energy level data on the NIST website for Ti VI is suggested.

physics.atom-ph↗

Long range interactions of ytterbium in mixed quantum gases

We present methods for accurate evaluation of van der Waals coefficients of dimers with excited atoms that have a strong decay channel. We calculate C_6 coefficients for the Yb-Yb 1S_0+ 3P_{0,1}, 3P_0+3P_0 and Yb-Rb 3P_1+5s, 1S_0+ 5p_{1/2} dimers and C_8 coefficients for the Yb-Yb 1S_0+1S_0, 1S_0+3P_1 and Yb-Rb 1S_0+5s dimers. We evaluate uncertainties of all properties.

physics.atom-ph↗

Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions in Ti X

We report calculations of energy levels, radiative rates, oscillator strengths and line strengths for transitions among the lowest 345 levels of Ti X. These include 146 levels of the $n \le$ 3 configurations and 86 of 3s$^2 4\ell$, 3s$^2 5\ell$ and 3s3p4$\ell$, plus some of the 3s$^2 6\ell$, 3p$^2 4\ell$ and 3s3p5$\ell$ levels. The general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package ({\sc grasp}) and flexible atomic code ({\sc fac}) are adopted for the calculations. Radiative rates, oscillator strengths and line strengths are provided for all electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among the 345 levels, although calculations have been performed for a much larger number of levels. Comparisons are made with existing results and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Additionally, lifetimes for all 345 levels are listed. Extensive comparisons of lifetimes are made for the lowest 40 levels, for which discrepancies with recent theoretical work are up to 30%. Discrepancies in lifetimes are even larger, up to a factor of four, for higher excited levels. Furthermore, the effect of large CI is found to be insignificant for both the energies and lifetimes for the lowest 40 levels of Ti X which belong to the 3s$^2$3p, 3s3p$^2$, 3s$^2$3d, 3p$^3$ and 3s3p3d configurations. However, the contribution of CI is more appreciable for the energy levels and radiative rates among higher excited levels. Our listed energy levels are estimated to be accurate to better than 1% (within 0.1 Ryd), whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20%.

physics.atom-ph↗

Accurate calculation of the bound states of Hellmann potential

Bound states of the Hellmann potential, which is a superposition of the attractive Coulomb ($-A/r$) and the Yukawa ($Be^{-Cr}/r$) potential, are calculated by using a generalized pseudospectral method. Energy eigenvalues accurate up to thirteen to fourteen significant figures, and densities are obtained through a nonuniform, optimal spatial discretization of the radial Schrödinger equation. Both ground and excited states are reported for arbitrary values of the potential parameters covering a wide range of interaction. Calculations have been made for higher states as well as for stronger couplings. Some new states are reported here for the first time, which could be useful for future works. The present results are significantly improved in accuracy over all other existing literature values and offers a simple, accurate and efficient scheme for these and other singular potentials in quantum mechanics.

quant-ph↗

Solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in terms of the associated non-linear Hartree potential

The Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GP), that describes the wave function of a number of coherent Bose particles contained in a trap, contains the cube of the normalized wave function, times a factor proportional to the number of coherent atoms. The square of the wave function, times the above mentioned factor, is defined as the Hartree potential. A method implemented here for the numerical solution of the GP equation consists in obtaining the Hartree potential iteratively, starting with the Thomas Fermi approximation to this potential. The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions for each successive potential are obtained by a method described previously. After approximately 35 iterations a stability of eight significant figures for the energy eigenvalues is obtained.This method has the advantage of being physically intuitive, and could be extended to the calculation of a shell-model potential in nuclear physics, once the Pauli exclusion principle is allowed for.

physics.atom-ph↗

The calculation of the muon transfer rate from protium to neon on the ground of a two-centre Coulomb basis

Results of improved calculations of the muon transfer rate from the 1S-state of muonic protium to neon are presented in the interval of collision energies from 10^(-4) eV to 15 eV. The calculations were made within the PSS method in which the three-body wavefunction is expanded in eigenfunctions of a two- centre Coulomb problem formulated in the Jacobi coordinates of the entrance channel. This approach provides the asymptotically correct description of this channel: the correct dissociation limit is obtained, there are no spurious long-range interactions, the polarization attraction appears naturally, the electron screening can be easily taken into account. The defects of the description are removed into the muon transfer channel in which their effect is not expected to be too significant because of large kinetic energies there. The previous calculations carried out in this way allowed one to explain experimentally observed features of the temperature dependence of the transfer rate in hydrogen-neon mixtures. In the present work, a more perfect algorithm of constructing the basis eigenfunctions has been realized and a better agreement with experimental data has been obtained.

physics.atom-ph↗