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We introduce some discrete analogues of the Dirac magnetic monopole on a unit sphere S^2 and explain how to compute the corresponding spectrum using the representation theory of finite groups. The main examples are certain magnetic Laplacians on the regular polyhedral graphs, coming from induced representations of the binary polyhedral groups.
Crystals which have a uniform distribution of defects are endowed with a Lie group description which allows one to construct an associated discrete structure. These structures are in fact the discrete subgroups of the ambient Lie group. The geometrical symmetries of these structures can be computed in terms of the changes of generators of the discrete subgroup which preserve the discrete set of points. Here a classification of the symmetries for the discrete subgroups of a particular class of three-dimensional solvable Lie group is presented. It is a fact that there are only three mathematically distinct types of Lie groups which model uniform defective crystals, and the calculations given here complete the discussion of the symmetries of the corresponding discrete structures. We show that those symmetries corresponding to automorphisms of the discrete subgroups extend uniquely to symmetries of the ambient Lie group and we regard these symmetries as (restrictions of) elastic deformations of the continuous defective crystal. Other symmetries of the discrete structures are classified as `inelastic' symmetries.
I calculated the exact site and bond percolation probability on lattice-like graphs for given dimension d: site percolation probability is 1/d and bond percolation probability is 0.5(d-1)^{-1/2}
In search for mathematically tractable models of anomalous diffusion, we introduce a simple dynamical system consisting of a chain of coupled maps of the interval whose Lyapunov exponents vanish everywhere. The volume preserving property and the vanishing Lyapunov exponents are intended to mimic the dynamics of polygonal billiards, which are known to give rise to anomalous diffusion, but which are too complicated to be analyzed as thoroughly as desired. Depending on the value taken by a single parameter α, our map experiences sub-diffusion, super-diffusion or normal diffusion. Therefore its transport properties can be compared with those of given Lévy walks describing transport in quenched disordered media. Fixing α so that the mean square displacement generated by our map and that generated by the corresponding Lévy walk asymptotically coincide, we prove that all moments of the corresponding asymptotic distributions coincide as well, hence all observables which are expressed in terms of the moments coincide.
This paper addresses a modified ($G'/G$)-expansion method to obtain new classes of solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs). The cases of Burgers, KdV and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili NPDEs are exhaustively studied. Relevant graphical representations are shown in each case.
Three dimensional Dirac oscillator was considered in deformed space obeyed to deformed commutation relations known as Snyder-de Sitter algebra. Snyder-de Sitter commutation relations gives rise to appearance minimal uncertainty in position as well as in momentum. To derive energy spectrum and wavefunctions of the Dirac oscillator supersymmetric quantum mechanics and shape invariance technique was applied.
In the present paper we determine the radial part of the Casimir element for the Lie algebra affine sl2 with respect to the Chevalley involution. The resulting operator is identified with a blend of the Inozemtsev Hamiltonian and the KZB-heat equation in dimension one. Moreover, it is shown how the corresponding zonal spherical functions give rise to symmetric theta functions and convergence is discussed. The paper takes guidance from previous work by Etingof and Kirillov on the diagonal case.
We obtain macroscopic isothermal thermodynamic transformations by space-time scalings of a microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics in contact with a heat bath. The microscopic dynamics is given by a chain of anharmonic oscillators subject to a varying tension (external force) and the contact with the heat bath is modeled by independent Langevin dynamics acting on each particle. After a diffusive space-time scaling and cross-graining, the profile of volume converges to the solution of a deterministic diffusive equation with boundary conditions given by the applied tension. This defines an irreversible thermodynamic transformation from an initial equilibrium to a new equilibrium given by the final tension applied. Quasi static reversible isothermal transformations are then obtained by a further time scaling. Heat is defined as the total flux of energy exchanged between the system and the heat bath. Then we prove that the relation between the limit heat, work, free energy and thermodynamic entropy agree with the first and second principle of thermodynamics.
Consider critical percolation in two dimensions. Under the condition that there are k disjoint alternating black and white arms crossing the annulus A(l,n), we prove a central limit theorem and variance estimates for the winding angles of the arms (as n\rightarrow \infty, l fixed). This result confirms a prediction of Beffara and Nolin (Ann. Probab. 39: 1286--1304, 2011). Using this theorem, we also get a CLT for the multiple-armed incipient infinite cluster (IIC) measures.
We consider a toy model of interacting Dirac fermions in a 1+1 dimensional space time describing the exterior of a star collapsing to a blackhole. In this situation we give a rigorous proof of the {\em Hawking effect}, namely that under the associated quantum evolution, an initial vacuum state will converge when $t\to +\infty$ to a thermal state at Hawking temperature. We establish this result both for observables falling into the blackhole along null characteristics, and for static observables. We also consider the case of an interaction localized near the star boundary, obtaining similar results. We hence extend to an interacting model previous results of Bachelot and Melnyk, obtained for free Dirac fields.
This paper addresses a construction of new $q-$Hermite polynomials with a full characterization of their main properties and corresponding raising and lowering operator algebra. The three-term recursive relation as well as the second-order differential equation obeyed by these new polynomials are explicitly derived. Relevant operator actions, including the eigenvalue problem of the deformed oscillator and the self-adjointness of the related position and momentum operators, are investigated and analyzed. The associated coherent states are constructed and discussed with an explicit resolution of the induced moment problem.
A rigorous homogenization theory is derived to describe the effective admittivity of cell suspensions. A new formula is reported for dilute cases that gives the frequency-dependent effective admittivity with respect to the membrane polarization. Different microstructures are shown to be distinguishable via spectroscopic measurements of the overall admittivity using the spectral properties of the membrane polarization. The Debye relaxation times associated with the membrane polarization tensor are shown to be able to give the microscopic structure of the medium. A natural measure of the admittivity anisotropy is introduced and its dependence on the frequency of applied current is derived. A Maxwell-Wagner-Fricke formula is given for concentric circular cells, and the results can be extended to the random cases. A randomly deformed periodic medium is also considered and a new formula is derived for the overall admittivity of a dilute suspension of randomly deformed cells.
Wigner limits are given formally as the difference between a lattice sum, associated to a positive definite quadratic form, and a corresponding multiple integral. To define these limits, which arose in work of Wigner on the energy of static electron lattices, in a mathematically rigorous way one commonly truncates the lattice sum and the corresponding integral and takes the limit along expanding hypercubes or other regular geometric shapes. We generalize the known mathematically rigorous two and three dimensional results regarding Wigner limits, as laid down in [Analysis of certain lattice sums, D. Borwein, J. M. Borwein, and R. Shail, 1989], to integer lattices of arbitrary dimension. In doing so, we also resolve a problem posed in Chapter 7 of [Lattice Sums: Then and Now, J. M. Borwein, L. Glasser, R. McPhedran, J. G. Wan, and I. J. Zucker, 2013]. For the sake of clarity, we begin by considering the simpler case of cubic lattice sums first, before treating the case of arbitrary quadratic forms. We also consider limits taken along expanding hyperballs with respect to general norms, and connect with classical topics such as Gauss's circle problem. An appendix is included to recall certain properties of Epstein zeta functions that are either used in the paper or serve to provide perspective.
We attempt to contribute some novel points of view to the "foundations of quantum mechanics", using mathematical tools from "quantum probability theory" (such as the theory of operator algebras). We first introduce an abstract algebraic framework for the formulation of mathematical models of physical systems that is general enough to encompass classical and quantum mechanical models. After a short discussion on the properties of classical systems (realism and determinism), we move on to the study of a general class of quantum-mechanical models of physical systems and explain what some of the key problems in a quantum theory of observations and measurements are. In the last part of our essay, we attempt to elucidate the roles played by entanglement between a system and its environment and of information loss in understanding "decoherence" and "dephasing", which are key mechanisms in a quantum theory of measurements and experiments. We also discuss the problem of "time in quantum mechanics" and sketch an answer to the question when an experiment can be considered to have been completed successfully.
We study phase field equations based on the diffuse-interface approximation of general homogeneous free energy densities showing different local minima of possible equilibrium configurations in perforated/porous domains. The study of such free energies in homogeneous environments found a broad interest over the last decades and hence is now widely accepted and applied in both science and engineering. Here, we focus on strongly heterogeneous materials with perforations such as porous media. To the best of our knowledge, we present a general formal derivation of upscaled phase field equations for arbitrary free energy densities and give a rigorous justification by error estimates for a broad class of polynomial free energies. The error between the effective macroscopic solution of the new upscaled formulation and the solution of the microscopic phase field problem is of order $ε^1/2$ for a material given characteristic heterogeneity $ε$. Our new, effective, and reliable macroscopic porous media formulation of general phase field equations opens new modelling directions and computational perspectives for interfacial transport in strongly heterogeneous environments.
This is a historical note. In 1979 we wrote a paper in a Russian Journal called Vestnik Leingradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. We considered massive scalar quantum filed theory. One loop Feynman diagrams were evaluated. Theorem was proved that one loop diagram with many internal lines [more then dimension of space-time] can be expressed in terms of one loop diagram with number of internal lines equal to the dimension of space-time [multiplied by tree diagrams]. This is translation in English.
A general problem of quantum field theories is the fact that the free vacuum and the vacuum for an interacting theory belong to different, non-equivalent representations of the canonical (anti-)commutation relations. In the external field problem of QED, we encounter this problem in the form that the Dirac time evolution for an external field with non-vanishing magnetic components will not satisfy the Shale-Stinespring condition, known to be necessary and sufficient for the existence of an implementation on the fermionic Fock space. Therefore, a second quantization of the time evolution in the usual way is impossible. In this thesis, we present several rigorous approaches to QED with time-dependent, external fields and analyze in what sense a time evolution can exist in the second quantized theory. We study different constructions of the fermionic Fock space and prove their equivalence. We study and compare the results of Deckert et. al. (2010), where the time evolution is realized as unitary transformations between time-varying Fock spaces, with those of Langmann and Mickelsson (1996), who construct a "renormalization" for the time evolution and present a method to fix the phase of the second quantized scattering operator by parallel transport in a principle fibre bundle over the restricted, general linear group acting on the fermionic Fock space. We provide rigorous proof for the fact that the second quantization by parallel transport preserves causality. These findings seem to refute claims made in Scharf (1995) that the phase of the second quantized S-matrix is essentially determined by the requirement of causality. We propose a simple solution to the problem of gauge anomalies in the procedure of Langmann and Mickelsson, showing that the second quantization of the scattering operator can be made gauge-invariant by using a suitable class of renormalizations.
We prove coding theorems for two scenarios of cooperating encoders for the multiple access channel with two classical inputs and one quantum output. In the first scenario (ccq-MAC with common messages), the two senders each have their private messages, but would also like to transmit common messages. In the second scenario (ccq-MAC with conferencing encoders), each sender has its own set of messages, but they are allowed to use a limited amount of noiseless classical communication amongst each other prior to encoding their messages. This conferencing protocol may depend on each individual message they intend to send. The two scenarios are related to each other not only in spirit - the existence of near-optimal codes for the ccq-MAC with common messages is used for proving the existence of near-optimal codes for the ccq-MAC with conferencing encoders.