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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources

arXiv1997

A Refined Similarity Hypothesis for Transverse Structure Functions

We argue on the basis of empirical data that Kolmogorov's refined similarity hypothesis (RSH) needs to be modified for transverse velocity increments, and propose an alternative. In this new form, transverse velocity increments bear the same relation to locally averaged enstrophy (squared vorticity) as longitudinal velocity increments bear in RSH to locally averaged dissipation. We support this hypothesis by analyzing high-resolution numerical simulation data for isotropic turbulence. RSH and its proposed modification for transverse velocity increments (RSHT) appear to represent two independent scaling groups.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1996

Morphological Instabilities in a growing Yeast Colony: Experiment and Theory

We study the growth of colonies of the yeast Pichia membranaefaciens on agarose film. The growth conditions are controlled in a setup where nutrients are supplied through an agarose film suspended over a solution of nutrients. As the thickness of the agarose film is varied, the morphology of the front of the colony changes. The growth of the front is modeled by coupling it to a diffusive field of inhibitory metabolites. Qualitative agreement with experiments suggests that such a coupling is responsible for the observed instability of the front.

cond-mat↗

arXiv1998

Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser--Renormalization-Group Analysis of Stability in Hamiltonian Flows

We study the stability and breakup of invariant tori in Hamiltonian flows using a combination of Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory and renormalization-group techniques. We implement the scheme numerically for a family of Hamiltonians quadratic in the actions to analyze the strong coupling regime. We show that the KAM iteration converges up to the critical coupling at which the torus breaks up. Adding a renormalization consisting of a rescaling of phase space and a shift of resonances allows us to determine the critical coupling with higher accuracy. We determine a nontrivial fixed point and its universality properties.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Intermittency Route to Strange Nonchaotic Attractors

Strange nonchaotic attractors (SNA) arise in quasiperiodically driven systems in the neighborhood of a saddle node bifurcation whereby a strange attractor is replaced by a periodic (torus) attractor. This transition is accompanied by Type-I intermittency. The largest nontrivial Lyapunov exponent $Λ$ is a good order-parameter for this route from chaos to SNA to periodic motion: the signature is distinctive and unlike that for other routes to SNA. In particular, $Λ$ changes sharply at the SNA to torus transition, as does the distribution of finite-time or N--step Lyapunov exponents, P(Λ_N).

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Exponentially rapid decoherence of quantum chaotic systems

We use a recent result to show that the rate of loss of coherence of a quantum system increases with increasing system phase space structure and that a chaotic quantal system in the semiclassical limit decoheres exponentially with rate $2 λ_2$, where $λ_2$ is a generalized Lyapunov exponent. As a result, for example, the dephasing time for classically chaotic systems goes to infinity logarithmically with the temperature, in accord with recent experimental results.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Towards a two-fluid picture of intermittency in shell models of turbulence

Intermittency in the Gledzer-Okhitani-Yamada (GOY) model of turbulence is explained in terms of collisions of coherent soliton-like structures with a random background issuing from the desintegration of their predecessors. This two-fluid picture is substantiated by the elucidation of local dynamical mechanisms leading to anomalous growth of coherent structures, their detection in true signals involving forcing and dissipation, and an investigation of their statistics.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Burridge-Knopoff Models as Elastic Excitable Media

We construct a model of an excitable medium with elastic rather than the usual diffusive coupling. We explore the dynamics of elastic excitable media, which we find to be dominated by low dimensional structures, including global oscillations, period-doubled pacemakers, and propagating fronts. We suggest that examples of elastic excitable media are to be found in such diverse physical systems as Burridge-Knopoff models of frictional sliding, electronic transmission lines, and active optical waveguides.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Almost-Hermitian Random Matrices: Crossover from Wigner-Dyson to Ginibre eigenvalue statistics

By using the method of orthogonal polynomials we analyze the statistical properties of complex eigenvalues of random matrices describing a crossover from Hermitian matrices characterized by the Wigner- Dyson statistics of real eigenvalues to strongly non-Hermitian ones whose complex eigenvalues were studied by Ginibre. Two-point statistical measures (as e.g. spectral form factor, number variance and small distance behavior of the nearest neighbor distance distribution $p(s)$) are studied in more detail. In particular, we found that the latter function may exhibit unusual behavior $p(s)\propto s^{5/2}$ for some parameter values.

cond-mat↗

arXiv1997

Asymptotics of Universal Probability of Neighboring Level Spacings at the Anderson Transition

The nearest-neighbor level spacing distribution is numerically investigated by directly diagonalizing disordered Anderson Hamiltonians for systems of sizes up to 100 x 100 x 100 lattice sites. The scaling behavior of the level statistics is examined for large spacings near the delocalization-localization transition and the correlation length exponent is found. By using high-precision calculations we conjecture a new interpolation of the critical cumulative probability, which has size-independent asymptotic form \ln I(s) \propto -s^α with α= 1.0 \pm 0.1.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv1998

Water temperature dependence of single bubble sonoluminescence

The strong dependence of the intensity of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) on water temperature observed in experiment can be accounted for by the temperature dependence of the material constants of water, most essentially of the viscosity, of the argon solubility in water, and of the vapor pressure. The strong increase of light emission at low water temperatures is due to the possibility of applying higher driving pressures, caused by increased bubble stability. The presented calculations combine the Rayleigh-Plesset equation based hydrodynamical/chemical approach to SBSL and full gas dynamical calculations of the bubble's interior.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Avoided Band Crossings: Tuning Metal-Insulator Transitions in Chaotic Systems

We show that avoided crossings of energy bands may give rise to a variety of phenomena such as transitions from metal to insulator and vice versa, changes in localization lengths, and changes in the fractal dimension of energy spectra. We explain the occurrence of these phenomena in the kicked Harper model under classically chaotic conditions and predict them to occur in other systems.

cond-mat↗

arXiv1998

Phase space caustics in multi-component systems

As examples of quantum-"classical" coupling systems, multi-component systems are studied by semiclassical evaluations of the Feynman kernels in the coherent-state representation. From the observation of the phase space caustics due to the presence of the internal degree of freedom (IDF), two phenomena are explained in terms of the semiclassical theory: (1) The quantum oscillations of the IDF induce quantum interference patterns in the Hushimi representation; (2) Chaotic dynamics destroys the coherence of the quantum oscillations.

quant-ph↗

arXiv1997

Fractal Conductance Fluctuations in a Soft Wall Stadium and a Sinai Billiard

Conductance fluctuations have been studied in a soft wall stadium and a Sinai billiard defined by electrostatic gates on a high mobility semiconductor heterojunction. These reproducible magnetoconductance fluctuations are found to be fractal confirming recent theoretical predictions of quantum signatures in classically mixed (regular and chaotic) systems. The fractal character of the fluctuations provides direct evidence for a hierarchical phase space structure at the boundary between regular and chaotic motion.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv1999

Constrained randomization of time series data

A new method is introduced to create artificial time sequences that fulfil given constraints but are random otherwise. Constraints are usually derived from a measured signal for which surrogate data are to be generated. They are fulfilled by minimizing a suitable cost function using simulated annealing. A wide variety of structures can be imposed on the surrogate series, including multivariate, nonlinear, and nonstationary properties. When the linear correlation structure is to be preserved, the new approach avoids certain artifacts generated by Fourier-based randomization schemes.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1998

Wavefunction Intensity Statistics from Unstable Periodic Orbits

We examine the effect of short unstable periodic orbits on wavefunction statistics in a classically chaotic system, and find that the tail of the wavefunction intensity distribution in phase space is dominated by scarring associated with the least unstable periodic orbits. In an ensemble average over systems with classical orbits of different instabilities, a power law tail is found, in sharp contrast to the exponential prediction of random matrix theory. The calculations are compared with numerical data and quantitative agreement is obtained

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1997

Spontaneous DC Current Generation in a Resistively Shunted Semiconductor Superlattice Driven by a TeraHertz Field

We study a resistively shunted semiconductor superlattice subject to a high-frequency electric field. Using a balance equation approach that incorporates the influence of the electric circuit, we determine numerically a range of amplitude and frequency of the ac field for which a dc bias and current are generated spontaneously and show that this region is likely accessible to current experiments. Our simulations reveal that the Bloch frequency corresponding to the spontaneous dc bias is approximately an integer multiple of the ac field frequency.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv1998

Periodic Orbit Theory for Rydberg Atoms in External Fields

Although hydrogen in external fields is a paradigm for the application of periodic orbits and the Gutzwiller trace formula to a real system, the trace formula has never been applied successfully to other Rydberg atoms. We show that spectral fluctuations of general Rydberg atoms are given with remarkable precision by the addition of diffractive terms. Previously unknown features in atomic spectra are exposed: there are new modulations that are neither periodic orbits nor combinations of periodic orbits; `core-shadowing' generally decreases primitive periodic orbit amplitudes but can also lead to increases.

chao-dyn↗

arXiv1998

Robust Chaos

It has been proposed to make practical use of chaos in communication, in enhancing mixing in chemical processes and in spreading the spectrum of switch-mode power suppies to avoid electromagnetic interference. It is however known that for most smooth chaotic systems, there is a dense set of periodic windows for any range of parameter values. Therefore in practical systems working in chaotic mode, slight inadvertent fluctuation of a parameter may take the system out of chaos. We say a chaotic attractor is robust if, for its parameter values there exists a neighborhood in the parameter space with no periodic attractor and the chaotic attractor is unique in that neighborhood. In this paper we show that robust chaos can occur in piecewise smooth systems and obtain the conditions of its occurrence. We illustrate this phenomenon with a practical example from electrical engineering.

chao-dyn↗