A Generalization of A Leibniz Geometrical Theorem
In this article we present a generalization of a Leibniz's geometrical theorem and an application of it.
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Number of binomial coefficients divided by a fixed power of a prime
We state a general formula for the number of binomial coefficients $n$ choose $k$ that are divided by a fixed power of a prime $p$, i.e., the number of binomial coefficients divided by $p^j$ and not divided by $p^{j+1}$.
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Primes, Pi, and Irrationality Measure
A folklore proof of Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of primes uses the Euler product and the irrationality of $ζ(2) = π^2/6$. A quantified form of Euclid's Theorem is Bertrand's postulate $p_{n+1} < 2p_n$. By quantifying the folklore proof using an irrationality measure for $6/π^2$, we give a proof (communicated to Paulo Ribenboim in 2005) of a much weaker upper bound on $p_{n+1}$.
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Descartes' Rule of Signs by an Easy Induction
If c is a positive number, Descartes' rule of signs implies that multiplying a polynomial f(x) by c - x introduces an odd number of changes of sign in the coefficients. We turn this around, proving this fact about sign changes inductively and deriving Descartes' rule from it.
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A Categorical Construction of Ultrafilters
Ultrafilters are useful mathematical objects having applications in nonstandard analysis, Ramsey theory, Boolean algebra, topology, and other areas of mathematics. In this note, we provide a categorical construction of ultrafilters in terms of the inverse limit of an inverse family of finite partitions; this is an elementary and intuitive presentation of a consequence of the profiniteness of Stone spaces. We then apply this construction to answer a question of Rosinger posed in arXiv:0709.0084v2 in the negative.
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Greedy and quasi-greedy expansions in non-integer bases
We generalize several theorems of Rényi, Parry, Daróczy and Kátai by characterizing the greedy and quasi-greedy expansions in non-integer bases.
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Explicit approximation of the sum of the reciprocal of the imaginary parts of the zeta zeros
In this note, we give some explicit upper and lower bounds for the summation $\sum_{0<γ\leq T}\frac{1}γ$, where $γ$ is the imaginary part of nontrivial zeros $ρ=β+iγ$ of $ζ(s)$.
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Ultra LI-ideals in lattice implication algebras and MTL-algebras
A mistake concerning the ultra \textit{LI}-ideal of a lattice implication algebra is pointed out, and some new sufficient and necessary conditions for an \textit{LI}-ideal to be an ultra \textit{LI}-ideal are given. Moreover, the notion of an \textit{LI}-ideal is extended to MTL-algebras, the notions of a (prime, ultra, obstinate, Boolean) \textit{LI}-ideal and an \textit{ILI}-ideal of an MTL-algebra are introduced, some important examples are given, and the following notions are proved to be equivalent in MTL-algebra: (1) prime proper \textit{LI}-ideal and Boolean \textit{LI}-ideal, (2) prime proper \textit{LI}-ideal and \textit{ILI}-ideal, (3) proper obstinate \textit{LI}-ideal, (4) ultra \textit{LI}-ideal.
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Bernoulli-Taylor formula in the case of Q-umbral Calculus
In this note we derive the Q-difference Bernoulli-Taylor formula with the rest term of the Cauchy form by the Viskov's method. This is an extension of technique by the use of Q-extented Kwasniewski's *-product . The main theorems of Q-umbral calculus were given by G. Markowsky in 1968 and extented by A.K.Kwasniewski.
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Multiply Connected Topological Economics, Confidence Relation and Political Economy
Using the similar formulas of the preference relation and the utility function, we propose the confidence relations and the corresponding influence functions that represent various interacting strengths of different families, cliques and systems of organization. Since they can affect products, profit and prices, etc., in an economic system, and are usually independent of economic results, therefore, the system can produce a multiply connected topological economics. If the political economy is an economy chaperoned polity, it will produce consequentially a binary economy. When the changes of the product and the influence are independent one another, they may be a node or saddle point. When the influence function large enough achieves a certain threshold value, it will form a wormhole with loss of capital. Various powers produce usually the economic wormhole and various corruptions.
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Ueber Eigenwerte, Integrale und pi^2/6: Die Idee der Spurformel (On eigenvalues, integrals and pi^2/6: The idea of the trace formula)
This is an expository article that results from a talk given to second year students at Oldenburg university. The aim of the talk was to show what beautiful and unexpected results may be obtained if one plays with daring analogies in a way that is usually not done in undergraduate education (unfortunately): We start from the fact that the sum of diagonal entries of a symmetric matrix equals the sum of its eigenvalues. We then guess an analogous formula where the matrix is replaced by a function of two real variables and sums are replaced by integrals in a systematic way. We show that this is indeed a worthwhile process: In a special case it yields that the sum of inverse squares of the positive integers is pi^2/6. Finally, an outline of the proof of the guessed formula is given, and further applications, for example to the connection between billiards and the frequencies of a drum, are explained.
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An example of algebraization of analysis and Fibonacci cobweb poset characterization
In recent Kwasniewski's papers inspired by O. V. Viskov it was shown that the $ψ$-calculus in parts appears to be almost automatic, natural extension of classical operator calculus of Rota - Mullin or equivalently - of umbral calculus of Roman and Rota. At the same time this calculus is an example of the algebraization of the analysis - here restricted to the algebra of polynomials. The first part of the article is the review of the recent author's contribution. The main definitions and theorems of Finite Fibonomial Operator Calculus which is a special case of $ψ$-extented Rota's finite operator calculus are presented there. In the second part the characterization of Fibonacci Cobweb poset P as DAG and oDAG is given. The dim 2 poset such that its Hasse diagram coincide with digraf of P is constructed.
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Quasi-Sectorial Contractions
We revise the notion of the quasi-sectorial contractions. Our main theorem establishes a relation between semigroups of quasi-sectorial contractions and a class of m-sectorial generators. We discuss a relevance of this kind of contractions to the theory of operator-norm approximations of strongly continuous semigroups.
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On q-deformed Stirling numbers
The purpose of this article is to introduce q-deformed Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds. Relations between these numbers, Riemann zeta function and q-Bernoulli numbers of higher order are given. Some relations related to the classical Stirling numbers and Bernoulli numbers of higher order are found. By using derivative operator to the generating function of the q-deformed Stirling numbers of the second kinds, a new function is defined which interpolates the q-deformed Stirling numbers of the second kinds at negative integers. The recurrence relations of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind are given. In addition, relation between q-deformed Stirling numbers and q-Bell numbers is obtained.
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Twisted Dedekind Type Sums Associated with Barnes' Type Multiple Frobenius-Euler l-Functions
The aim of this paper is to construct new Dedekind type sums. We construct generating functions of Barnes' type multiple Frobenius-Euler numbers and polynomials. By applying Mellin transformation to these functions, we define Barnes' type multiple l-functions, which interpolate Frobenius-Euler numbers at negative integers. By using generalizations of the Frobenius-Euler functions, we define generalized Dedekind type sums and prove corresponding reciprocity law. We also give twisted versions of the Frobenius-Euler polynomials and new Dedekind type sums and corresponding reciprocity law. Furthermore, by using p-adic q-Volkenborn integral and twisted (h,q)-Bernoulli functions, we construct p-adic (h,q)-higher order Dedekind type sums. By using relation between Bernoulli and Frobenius-Euler functions, we also define analogues of Hardy-Berndt type sums. We give some new relations related to to these sums as well.
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Inequalities for Integer and Fractional Parts
In this paper we present 43 new inequalities related to integer part and fractional part.
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Goldbach Conjecture and First-Order Arithmetic
Using the concepts of Hyperbolic Classification of Natural Numbers, Essential Regions and Goldbach Conjecture Function we prove that the existence of a proof of the Goldbach Conjecture in First-Order Arithmetic would imply the existence of another proof in a certain extension that would not be valid in all states of time associated to natural numbers created by means of adequate dynamic processes.
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The Number of Different Effective Partitions and a Specific Goldbach Partition of Any Given Even Number Greater Than 6
A specific Goldbach partition of any given even number greater than 6 can be found definitely.
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