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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
arXiv2013

Heavy Rydberg Photo-dissociation Cross-section Calculations and Experimental Progress Towards Cold Collisions in Lithium

This thesis is divided into two parts, each of which supports constructing and using a lithium magneto-optical trap for cold collision studies: Part I: One outgoing channel of interest from cold collisions is the production of ion pairs. We describe an effective method for calculating bound-to-continuum cross-sections for charged binary systems by examining transitions to states above the binding energy that become bound when the system is placed within an infinite spherical well. This approach is verified for ionization of a hydrogen atom, and is then applied to the heavy Rydberg system Li+...I-. Part II: A wavemeter previously built in the lab is redesigned for increased reliability and ease of use by replacing the optical hardware with a rocker system, which can be aligned in mere minutes rather than half a day as was previously the case. The new wavemeter has been tested through saturated absorption spectroscopy of lithium.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2013

Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy at High Modulation Depth in an Indium Atomic Beam

We present a detailed analysis of an application of frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy in the high modulation depth limit. We have recently completed and reported a measurement of the Stark shift in the indium $5p_{1/2}\rightarrow 6s_{1/2}$ 410 nm transition using this spectroscopy method [Ranjit, et al. Phys. Rev. A 87, 032506 (2013)]. FM spectroscopy proved essential to resolve spectroscopic features in an atomic beam where the optical depth was $\sim 10^{-3}$. A dual-modulation scheme is described which ensures truly background-free FM signals even in the low-density limit. Lock-in detection of the FM signal was accomplished using both the fundamental (1f) and second-harmonic (2f) modulation frequencies. A derivation of both the 1f and 2f signal line shapes in the high-modulation-depth limit is presented. These line shapes form the basis for quantitative fits to a wide variety of experimental FM spectra.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Illustration of Babinet's principle with ultracold atoms

We demonstrate Babinet's principle by the absorption of high intensity light from dense clouds of ultracold atoms. Images of the diffracted light are directly related to the spatial distribution of atoms. The advantages of employing Babinet's principle as an imaging technique are that it is easy to implement and the detected signal is large. We discuss the regimes of applicability of this technique as well as its limitations.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Thorium isomer for radiative emission of neutrino pair

It is proposed to use the isomer ionic ground state $^{229m}$Th$^{4+}$ embedded in transparent crystals for precision determination of unknown neutrino parameters. Isolation from solid environment of the proposed nuclear process, along with available experimental techniques of atomic physics, has a great potentiality for further study.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2013

Atomic Kapitza-Dirac effect with quadrupole transitions

Interactions between atoms and light fields are usually described in the electric-dipole approximation. We show that electric-quadrupole terms are important in the Kapitza-Dirac arrangement for light gratings on resonance with a quadrupole atomic transition. We derive the diffraction patterns, which in some cases are experimentally verifiable with the same techniques used with dipole transitions.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2013

Beyond the Dicke Quantum Phase Transition with a Bose-Einstein Condensate in an Optical Ring Resonator

We experimentally investigate the dynamical instability of a Bose Einstein condensate in an optical ring resonator for various cavity detuning and pump powers. The resulting phase diagram is asymmetric with respect to the cavity detuning and can be described by the coupling of two atomic modes with one optical mode. We compare the experimental data to a numerical simulation and to an analytic expression of the phase boundary. For positive and negative pump cavity detuning different coupling mechanisms are identified explaining the asymmetry of the phase diagram. We present a physical interpretation and discuss the connection to the Dicke quantum phase transition.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

The collision between two hydrogen atoms

The electron-electron correlation term in two-atomic collision is the most important, most difficult term to obtain the effective interatomic potential. Generally the H and H collision is a four center problem. It is extremely difficult to compute the electron-electron correlation term to include the effect of exchange or antisymmetry between two system electrons exactly. All the two-atomic collision related theoretical data differ from each other due to its difference in approximating the electron-electron correlation term. I invent a trick to evaluate the term exactly. Earlier the positronium (Ps) and H system was easily approximated as a three center problem due to the light mass of Ps. My new code for H-H collision using the ab-initio and exact static-exchange model (SEM) can reproduce exactly the same data of Ps and H system just by using the appropriate atomic parameters. The success of the present trick makes the foundation of a big monument in cold and low energy atomic collision physics. The Feshbach resonances are observed in H(1s)-H(1s) elastic scattering in both the singlet and triplet channels. One can use the trick to solve any four center problem including excitation and ionization processes. Again one can use the idea in larger systems too.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Simultaneous VUV and XUV pulse generation and characterization for attosecond pump probe experiments

We report the generation and characterization of isolated attosecond XUV and VUV pulses generated simultaneously via HHG driven by few-cycle pulses using an in-line dual gas target system. One gas jet target was operated with Kr gas that optimized HHG in the 15-25 eV photon energy range (VUV), whilst the second gas jet target was operated in Ne gas to optimize the high harmonic generation around 90 eV (XUV). Appropriate filters were used to isolate the required spectral components to synthesize isolated pulses. Sn and In filters were used for the VUV region while a Zr filter was used for the XUV. We characterized both the XUV and VUV pulses independently using the attosecond streaking technique and the LSGPA retrieval algorithm obtaining a 1.7$\pm$0.2 fs pulse using the In filter and a 616$\pm$50 as pulse using Sn, while preserving a 266$\pm$10 as isolated XUV pulse.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2013

Shape effects in nonlinear Thomson and Compton processes: the quest for MeV high-order harmonics

Spectra of Thomson and Compton radiation, emitted during electron scattering off an intense laser beam, are calculated using the frameworks of classical and strong-field quantum electrodynamics, respectively. Both approaches use a plane-wave-fronted pulse approximation regarding the driving laser beam. Within this approximation, a very good agreement between Thomson and Compton frequency distributions is observed provided that frequencies of the emitted radiation is relatively low. The dependence of frequency spectra on the laser pulse envelope is analyzed. This becomes important in the context of ultra-short pulse generation, as illustrated by numerical examples.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Vibronic speed-up of the excitation energy transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex

We show that the efficient excitation energy transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson molecular aggregate under realistic physiological conditions is fueled by underdamped vibrations of the embedding proteins. For this, we present numerically exact results for the quantum dynamics of the excitons in the presence of nonadiabatic vibrational states in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson aggregate employing a environmental fluctuation spectral function derived from experiments. Assuming the prominent 180 cm$^{-1}$ vibrational mode to be underdamped, we observe, on the one hand, besides vibrational coherent oscillations between different excitation levels of the vibration also prolonged electronic coherent oscillations between the initially excited site and its neighbours. On the other hand, however, the underdamped vibrations provide additional channels for the excitation energy transfer and by this increase the transfer speed by up to $30\%$ .

physics.chem-ph↗
arXiv2013

Electron-impact direct double ionization

Electron-impact direct double ionization (DDI) process is studied as a sequence of two and three step processes. Contribution from ionization-ionization, ionization-excitation-ionization, and excitation-ionization-ionization processes is taken into account. The present results help to resolve the long-standing discrepancies; in particular, a good agreement with experimental measurements is obtained for double ionization cross-sections of $O^{1+}$, $O^{2+}$, $O^{3+}$, $C^{1+}$, and $Ar^{2+}$ ions. We show that distribution of the energy of scattered and ejected electrons, which participate in the next step of ionization, strongly affects DDI cross-sections.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Coupling of (ultra-)relativistic atomic nuclei with photons

The coupling of photons with (ultra-) relativistic atomic nuclei is presented in two particular circumstances: very high electromagnetic fields and very short photon pulses. We consider a typical situation where the (bare) nuclei (fully stripped of electrons) are accelerated to energies ~1TeV per nucleon (according to the state of the art at LHC, for instance) and photon sources like petawatt lasers \simeq1eV -radiation (envisaged by ELI-NP project, for instance), or free-electron laser ~10keV -radiation, or synchrotron sources, etc. In these circumstances the nuclear scale energy can be attained, with very high field intensities. In particular, we analyse the nuclear transitions induced by the radiation, including both one- and two-photon processes, as well as the polarization-driven transitions which may lead to giant dipole resonances. The nuclear (electrical) polarization concept is introduced. It is shown that the perturbation theory for photo-nuclear reactions is applicable, although the field intensity is high, since the corresponding interaction energy is low and the interaction time (pulse duration) is short. It is also shown that the description of the giant nuclear dipole resonance requires the dynamics of the nuclear electrical polarization degrees of freedom.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2013

Atom optical shop testing of electrostatic lenses using an atom interferometer

We used an atom interferometer for atom optical shop testing of lenses for atomic de Broglie waves. We measured focal lengths and spherical aberrations of electrostatic lenses in three independent ways based on contrast data, phase data, or calculations of de Broglie wavefront curvature. We report focal lengths of -2.5 km and -21.7 km with 5% uncertainty for different lenses. All three methods give consistent results. Understanding how lenses magnify and distort atom interference fringes helps improve atom beam velocity measurements made with phase choppers [New J. Phys. 13, 115007 (2011)], which in turn will improve the accuracy of atomic polarizability measurements.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Broadband Isolated Attosecond Pulses: Generation, Characterization, and Applications

The generation of the shortest isolated attosecond pulses requires both broad spectral bandwidth and control of the spectral phase. Rapid progress has been made in both aspects, leading to the generation of the world-record-shortest 67 as light pulses in 2012, and broadband attosecond continua covering a wide range of extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray wavelengths. Such pulses have been successfully applied in photoelectron/photoion spectroscopy and the recently developed attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study electron dynamics in matter. In this Review, we discuss the significant recent advancement in the generation, characterization, and application of ultrabroadband isolated attosecond pulses with spectral bandwidth comparable to the central frequency, which can in principle be compressed to a single optical cycle.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2013

Hybrid ion, atom and light trap

We present an unique experimental arrangement which permits the simultaneous trapping and cooling of ions and neutral atoms, within a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity. The versatility of this hybrid trap experiment enables a variety of studies with trapped mixtures. The motivations behind the production of such a hybrid trap system are explained, followed by details of how the experiment is put together. Several experiments that have been performed with this system are presented and some opportunities with this system are discussed. However the primary emphasis is focussed on the aspects that pertain to the trapped ions, in this hybrid system.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2013

Comment on the paper Photoionization of endohedral atoms using R-matrix methods: application to Xe@C60 by T. W. Gorczyca, M. F. Hasoglu and S. T. Manson, Phys. Rev. A86, 033204 (2012) [1]

We demonstrate serious misrepresentation of existing experimental data and important omissions in the List of references in the paper [1]. We demonstrate that what is called in [1] total photoionization cross-section is in fact a partial photoionization cross-section. We demonstrate that long before [1] and presented there experimental data for photoionization of Xe@C60+ were obtained, a theoretical prediction for Xe@C60 have been published that was in a reasonable agreement with experiment. These data are even not mentioned in [1].

physics.atom-ph↗