Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv · 0708.2548

Detection of Neutron Sources in Cargo Containers

Abstract

We investigate the problem of detecting the presence of clandestine neutron sources, such as would be produced by nuclear weapons containing plutonium, within cargo containers. Small, simple and economical semiconductor photodiode detectors affixed to the outsides of containers are capable of producing statistically robust detections of unshielded sources when their output is integrated over the durations of ocean voyages. It is possible to shield such sources with thick layers of neutron-absorbing material, and to minimize the effects of such absorbers on ambient or artificial external neutron fluxes by surrounding them with neutron-reflective material.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

J. I. Katz. 2007-08-19. Detection of Neutron Sources in Cargo Containers. https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.2548

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Hybrid Work and the Restructuring of Urban Mobility in U.S. Cities

Entering the post-pandemic era, cities navigate a new normal shaped by hybrid work and space-time flexibility, but existing evidence is spatially scattered and temporally limited. Here we develop an analytical approach that examines this reorganization through three dimensions: remote work adoption via sector composition, daily travel behavior via trip-level metrics, and functional urban form via mobility-derived measures. To capture the interplay of urban dynamics, we synthesize three complementary spatial metrics. In particular, coupling overall trip centrality with work-trip concentration differentiates whether employment and daily activity organize around the same centers. Applied to population-scale data across 15 U.S. metropolitan areas spanning 2019-2024, our approach shows that daily car travel increased despite elevated remote work, a pattern consistent across cities with distinct spatial structures. Decomposition and regression identify trip frequency as the primary contributor to VKT growth, moderated by compact urban form and concentrated employment. The approach provides a replicable framework for comparative study of post-pandemic urban mobility.

physics.soc-ph↗

Travel Mode- and Purpose-Specific Origin-Destination Matrices for England and Wales from Fused Travel Survey and Mobile Network Data

Origin-destination (OD) matrices sit behind much of quantitative transport planning, from model calibration and accessibility analysis to the appraisal of new services and development. The increasing emphasis on place-based solutions requires mobility data that can support decision-making not only at the strategic level, but also at finer spatial scales. This requires up-to-date OD evidence at small-area resolution, disaggregated by travel mode and purpose, which remains either inaccessible or unavailable. In this work, we present dense MSOA-to-MSOA OD matrices for England and Wales, segmented by seven travel modes and representative time periods, with eight trip purposes for the weekday morning peak. The matrices are built by calibrating aggregate mobile network data provided by BT against National Travel Survey (NTS), census and trip-rate evidence, preserving the observed spatial structure of movement while referencing its age, mode and purpose composition to the survey. The open-source data processing pipeline is released alongside the matrices, so that the construction of the dataset can be inspected in full and adapted to other years, regions or assumptions.

physics.soc-ph↗

Integrated oxy-fuel municipal solid waste incineration with flue gas recirculation, condensation filtration, and CCUS: a generic feasibility study

A method of waste incineration using pure oxygen or atmospheric air enriched with oxygen is proposed, demonstrating several advantages over conventional burning in atmospheric air. The higher flame temperature is predicted, even with low calorific value waste, ensuring the complete decomposition of harmful substances such as dioxins. This process also increases the efficiency of heat-to-electricity generation via steam turbine and facilitates the melting of ash and dust, leading to the production of gravel or rock fibre. Additionally, it enables the incineration of a wide range of waste, including sewage sludge. The higher partial pressure of water vapor in the combustion gases allows to develop a novel method of filtration: condensation filtration. The method promises less or next to zero fly ash by-production. The process produces concentrated carbon dioxide suitable for storage or use in industrial and agricultural applications. Moreover, air separation as part of this method generates large quantities of argon, which can be utilized in high-tech industries. This approach offers a comprehensive solution to waste management and resource recovery. The paper presents the principal scheme for the process, its initial modelling and general feasibility study demonstrating its technological and commercial potential.

physics.soc-ph↗