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arXiv · 1108.3317

Observation of Correlated Particle-Hole Pairs and String Order in Low-Dimensional Mott Insulators

M. Endres·M. Cheneau·T. Fukuhara·C. Weitenberg·P. Schauss·C. Gross·L. Mazza·M. C. Banuls·L. Pollet·I. Bloch·S. Kuhr
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Abstract

Quantum phases of matter are characterized by the underlying correlations of the many-body system. Although this is typically captured by a local order parameter, it has been shown that a broad class of many-body systems possesses a hidden non-local order. In the case of bosonic Mott insulators, the ground state properties are governed by quantum fluctuations in the form of correlated particle-hole pairs that lead to the emergence of a non-local string order in one dimension. Using high-resolution imaging of low-dimensional quantum gases in an optical lattice, we directly detect these pairs with single-site and single-particle sensitivity and observe string order in the one-dimensional case.

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M. Endres, M. Cheneau, T. Fukuhara, C. Weitenberg, P. Schauss, C. Gross, L. Mazza, M. C. Banuls, L. Pollet, I. Bloch, S. Kuhr. 2011-08-16. Observation of Correlated Particle-Hole Pairs and String Order in Low-Dimensional Mott Insulators. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209284

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