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arXiv · 1109.1374

Work Relation and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Nonequilibrium Steady States

Naoko Nakagawa
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Abstract

We extend Jarzynski's work relation and the second law of thermodynamics to a heat conducting system which is operated by an external agent. These extensions contain a new non equilibrium contribution expressed as the violation of the (linear) response relation caused by the operation. We find that a natural extension of the minimum work principle involves information about the time-reversed operation, and is far from straightforward. Our work relation may be tested experimentally especially when the temperature gradient is small.

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Naoko Nakagawa. 2012-09-24. Work Relation and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Nonequilibrium Steady States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.85.051115

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