Plan for VLBI observations of close approaches of Jupiter to compact extragalactic radio sources in 2014-2016

Abstract

Very Long Baseline Interferometry is capable of measuring the gravitational delay caused by the Sun and planet gravitational fields. The post-Newtonian parameter $γ$ is now estimated with accuracy of $σ_γ=2\cdot 10^{-4}$ using a global set of VLBI data from 1979 to present (Lambert, Gontier, 2009), and $σ_γ=2\cdot10^{-5}$ by the Cassini spacecraft (Bertotti et. al, 2003). Unfortunately, VLBI observations in S- and X-bands very close to the Solar limb (less than 2-3 degrees) are not possible due to the strong turbulence in the Solar corona. Instead, the close approach of big planets to the line of sight of the reference quasars could be also used for testing of the general relativity theory with VLBI. Jupiter is the most appropriate among the big planets due to its large mass and relatively fast apparent motion across the celestial sphere. Six close approaches of Jupiter with quasars in 2014-2016 were found using the DE405/LE405 ephemerides, including one occultation in 2016. We have formed tables of visibility for all six events for VLBI radio telescopes participating in regular IVS programs. Expected magnitudes of the relativistic effects to be measured during these events are discussed in this paper.