Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio phase diagrams and quarkyonic phase from order parameters

Abstract

We show that the magnitude of the order parameters in Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model, given by the quark condensate and the Polyakov loop, can be used as a criterium to clearly identify, without ambiguities, phases and boundaries of the strongly interacting matter, namely, the broken/restored chiral symmetry, and confinement/deconfinement regions. This structure is represented by the projection of the order parameters in the temperature-chemical potential plane, which allows a clear identification of pattern changes in the phase diagram. Such a criterium also enables the emergence of a quarkyonic phase even in the two-flavor system. We still show that this new phase diminishes due to the influence of an additional vector-type interaction in the PNJL phase diagrams, and is quite sensitive to the effect of the change of the $T_0$ parameter in the Polyakov potential. Finally, we show that the phases and boundaries constructed by our method indicate that the order parameters should be more strongly correlated, as in the case of entanglement PNJL (EPNJL) model. This result suggests a novel way to pursue further investigation of new interactions between the order parameters in order to improve the PNJL model.