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arXiv · 1401.0561

User-Generated Free-Form Gestures for Authentication: Security and Memorability

Michael Sherman·Gradeigh Clark·Yulong Yang·Shridatt Sugrim·Arttu Modig·Janne Lindqvist·Antti Oulasvirta·Teemu Roos
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Abstract

This paper studies the security and memorability of free-form multitouch gestures for mobile authentication. Towards this end, we collected a dataset with a generate-test-retest paradigm where participants (N=63) generated free-form gestures, repeated them, and were later retested for memory. Half of the participants decided to generate one-finger gestures, and the other half generated multi-finger gestures. Although there has been recent work on template-based gestures, there are yet no metrics to analyze security of either template or free-form gestures. For example, entropy-based metrics used for text-based passwords are not suitable for capturing the security and memorability of free-form gestures. Hence, we modify a recently proposed metric for analyzing information capacity of continuous full-body movements for this purpose. Our metric computed estimated mutual information in repeated sets of gestures. Surprisingly, one-finger gestures had higher average mutual information. Gestures with many hard angles and turns had the highest mutual information. The best-remembered gestures included signatures and simple angular shapes. We also implemented a multitouch recognizer to evaluate the practicality of free-form gestures in a real authentication system and how they perform against shoulder surfing attacks. We conclude the paper with strategies for generating secure and memorable free-form gestures, which present a robust method for mobile authentication.

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Michael Sherman, Gradeigh Clark, Yulong Yang, Shridatt Sugrim, Arttu Modig, Janne Lindqvist, Antti Oulasvirta, Teemu Roos. 2014-01-02. User-Generated Free-Form Gestures for Authentication: Security and Memorability. https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.0561

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