WKB versus generalized van Kampen system-size expansion: the stochastic logistic equation

Abstract

Stochastic fluctuations are central to the understanding of extinction dynamics. In the context of population models they allow for the description of the transition from the vicinity of a non-trivial fixed point of the deterministic dynamics to a trivial fixed point, where the population has become extinct. To characterize analytically the fluctuations of a given stochastic population model, one can operate within the so-called linear-noise approximation. Here the fluctuations are taken to be Gaussian, and the phenomenon of extinction is so rare as to be negligible, for all practical purposes. When the size of the population becomes small, non-Gaussian fluctuations are instead found. Two analytical schemes are in principle available to determine the nature of the distribution of associated fluctuations: the generalized van Kampen system-size expansion beyond the conventional order of approximation and a WKB-like method. Here we investigate the accuracy of these two different approximation schemes, with reference to a simple stochastic process that converges to the logistic equation in the deterministic limit.