Generalised partition functions: Inferences on phase space distributions

Abstract

The statistical mechanical partition function can be used to construct different forms of phase space distributions not restricted to the Gibbs-Boltzmann factor. With a generalised Lorentzian both the Kappa-Bose and Kappa-Fermi partition functions are obtained in straightforward way, from which the conventional Bose and Fermi distributions follow for $\kappa\to\infty$. For $\kappa\neq\infty$ these are subject to the restrictions that they can be used only at temperatures far from zero. They thus, as shown earlier, have little value for quantum physics. This is reasonable, because physical $\kappa$-systems imply strong correlations which are absent at zero temperature where appart from stochastics all dynamical interactions are frozen. In the classical large temperature limit one obtains physically reasonable $\kappa$-distributions which depend on energy respectively momentum as well as on chemical potential. Looking for other functional dependencies, we examine Bessel functions whether they can be used for obtaining valid distributions. Again and for the same reason, no Fermi and Bose distributions exist in the low temperature limit. However, a classical Bessel-Boltzmann distribution can be constructed which is a Bessel-modified Lorentzian distribution. Whether it makes any physical sense remains an open question. This is not investigated here. The choice of Bessel functions is motivated solely by their convergence properties and not by reference to any physical demands. This result suggests that the Gibbs-Boltzmann partition function is fundamental not only to Gibbs-Boltzmann but also to a large class of generalised Lorentzian distributions as well as to the corresponding nonextensive statistical mechanics.