A novel superconducting-velocity--tunable quasiparticle state and spin relaxation in GaAs (100) quantum wells in proximity to $s$-wave superconductor

Abstract

We present a novel quasiparticle state driven by a supercurrent in GaAs (100) quantum wells in proximity to an $s$-wave superconductor, which can be tuned by the superconducting velocity. Rich features such as the suppressed Cooper pairings, large quasiparticle density and non-monotonically tunable momentum current can be realized by varying the superconducting velocity. In the degenerate regime, the quasiparticle Fermi surface is composed by two arcs, referred to as Fermi arcs, which are contributed by the electron- and hole-like branches. The D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation is explored, and intriguing physics is revealed when the Fermi arc emerges. Specifically, when the order parameter tends to zero, it is found that the branch-mixing scattering is forbidden in the quasi-electron band. When the condensation process associated with the annihilation of the quasi-electron and quasi-hole is {\em slow}, this indicates that the electron- and hole-like Fermi arcs in the quasi-electron band are independent. The open structure of the Fermi arc leads to the nonzero angular-average of the effective magnetic field due to the spin-orbit coupling, which acts as an effective Zeeman field. This Zeeman field leads to the spin oscillations even in the strong scattering regime. Moreover, in the strong scattering regime, we show that the open structure of the Fermi arc also leads to the insensitiveness of the spin relaxation to the momentum scattering, in contrast to the conventional motional narrowing situation. Nevertheless, with a {\em finite} order parameter, the branch-mixing scattering can be triggered, opening the inter-branch spin relaxation channel, which is dominant in the strong scattering regime. In contrast to the situation with an extremely small order parameter,....(omitted due to the limit of space)