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arXiv · 1611.00877

de Broglie-Proca and Bopp-Podolsky massive photon gases in cosmology

R. R. Cuzinatto·E. M. de Morais·L. G. Medeiros·C. Naldoni de Souza·B. M. Pimentel
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Abstract

We investigate the influence of massive photons on the evolution of the expanding universe. Two particular models for generalized electrodynamics are considered, namely de Broglie-Proca and Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics. We obtain the equation of state (EOS) $P=P(\varepsilon)$ for each case using dispersion relations derived from both theories. The EOS are inputted into the Friedmann equations of a homogeneous and isotropic space-time to determine the cosmic scale factor $a(t)$. It is shown that the photon non-null mass does not significantly alter the result $a\propto t^{1/2}$ valid for a massless photon gas; this is true either in de Broglie-Proca's case (where the photon mass $m$ is extremely small) or in Bopp-Podolsky theory (for which $m$ is extremely large).

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R. R. Cuzinatto, E. M. de Morais, L. G. Medeiros, C. Naldoni de Souza, B. M. Pimentel. 2016-11-03. de Broglie-Proca and Bopp-Podolsky massive photon gases in cosmology. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/118/19001

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