Viscosity of a classical gas: The rare-collision versus the frequent-collision regime

Abstract

The shear viscosity $η$ for a dilute classical gas of hard-sphere particles is calculated by solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation in terms of the weakly absorbed plane waves. For the rare-collision regime, the viscosity $η$ as a function of the equilibrium gas parameters -- temperature $T$, particle number density $n$, particle mass $m$, and hard-core particle diameter $d$ -- is quite different from that of the frequent-collision regime, e.g., from the well-known result of Chapman and Enskog. An important property of the rare-collision regime is the dependence of $η$ on the external ("non-equilibrium") parameter $ω$, frequency of the sound plane wave, that is absent in the frequent-collision regime at leading order of the corresponding perturbation expansion. A transition from the frequent to the rare-collision regime takes place when the dimensionless parameter $nd^2 (T/m)^{1/2} ω^{-1}$ goes to zero.