Interaction-induced transparency for strong-coupling polaritons

Abstract

The propagation of light in strongly coupled atomic media takes place through the formation of polaritons - hybrid quasi-particles resulting from a superposition of an atomic and a photonic excitation. Here we consider the propagation under the condition of electromagnetically-induced transparency and show that a novel many-body phenomenon can appear due to strong, dissipative interactions between the polaritons. Upon increasing the photon-pump strength, we find a first-order transition between an opaque phase with strongly broadened polaritons and a transparent phase where a long-lived polariton branch with highly tunable occupation emerges. Across this non-equilibrium phase transition, the transparency window is reconstructed via nonlinear interference effects induced by the dissipative polariton interactions. Our predictions are based on a systematic diagrammatic expansion of the non-equilibrium Dyson equations which is quantitatively valid, even in the non-perturbative regime of large single-atom cooperativities, provided the polariton interactions are sufficiently long ranged. Such a regime can be reached in photonic crystal waveguides thanks to the tunability of interactions, allowing to observe the interaction-induced-transparency transition even at low polariton densities.