Expansion dynamics of a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate

Abstract

We experimentally and theoretically observe the expansion behaviors of a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate. A rubidium condensate is produced in an isotropic optical dipole trap with an asphericity of 0.037. We measure the variation of the condensate size during the expansion process. The free expansion of the condensate is isotropic, which is different from that of the condensate usually produced in the anisotropic trap. The expansion in the short time is speeding and then after a long time the expansion velocity asymptotically approaches a constant value. We derive an analytic solution of the expansion behavior based on the spherical symmetry, allowing a quantitative comparison with the experimental measurement. The interaction energy of the condensate is gradually converted into the kinetic energy at the beginning of the expansion and the kinetic energy dominates after a long-time expansion. We obtain the interaction energy of the condensate in the trap by probing the expansion velocity, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction.