arXiv subjects

Dongfang Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Dongfang Zhang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Terahertz-driven Two-Dimensional Mapping for Electron Temporal Profile Measurement

The precision measurement of real-time electron temporal profiles is crucial for advancing electron and X-ray devices used in ultrafast imaging and spectroscopy. While high temporal resolution and large temporal window can be achieved separately using different technologies, real-time measurement enabling simultaneous high resolution and large window remains challenging. Here, we present the first THz-driven sampling electron oscilloscope capable of measuring electron pulses with high temporal resolution and a scalable, large temporal window simultaneously. The transient THz electric field induces temporal electron streaking in the vertical axis, while extended interaction along the horizontal axis leads to a propagation-induced time delay, enabling electron beam sampling with sub-cycle THz wave. This allows real-time femtosecond electron measurement with a tens-of-picosecond window, surpassing previous THz-based techniques by an order of magnitude. The measurement capability is further enhanced through projection imaging, deflection cavity tilting, and shorted antenna utilization, resulting in signal spatial magnification, extended temporal window, and increased field strength. The technique holds promise for a wide range of applications and opens new opportunities in ultrafast science and accelerator technologies.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2023

Non-Hermitian Optical Parametric Systems with Anti-parity-time Symmetry

The continuous advancements in ultrafast lasers, characterized by high pulse energy, great average power, and ultrashort pulse duration, have opened up new frontiers and applications in various fields such as high-energy-density science. In this study, we investigated the implementation of non-Hermitian nonlinear parametric amplification by introducing anti-parity-time (anti-PT) symmetry to three-wave interaction processes. By exploring the parameter space defined by the coupling coefficient, phase mismatch, and absorption, we categorized the behavior of the non-Hermitian optical parametric system into four distinct quadrants, representing unbroken/broken anti-PT symmetry and amplification/attenuation, and amplification-attenuation boundaries and exceptional lines can be observed in such parametric space. Through simulations of the dynamical behavior of the interacting waves, we demonstrated the rich evolutions of the signal and idler waves in systems belonging to the respective quadrants and near exceptional points, revealed by the unique performance of eigenmodes. Our findings provide insights into the evaluation of energy flow direction in optical parametric amplification engineering by the directly linked parameter space, which contribute to a deeper understanding of photonics and laser science, potentially leading to new applications in these fields.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2022

Direct ultrafast parametric amplification pumped by a picosecond thin-disk laser

Optical quadratic nonlinearity is ultrafast in nature, while parametric interaction usually manifests only the broadband characteristic. Enormous progress has been made toward broadband phase-matching for parametric amplification and wide applications. In existing devices of broadband parametric amplification, the power efficiency of conversion is restricted to approximately the energy efficiency, and the desire for the signal power enhancement necessitates additional pulse compression after amplification. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast parametric amplification having an extraordinary power efficiency of 1155%; this allows the generation of intense femtosecond pulses without the need for a pulse stretcher and compressor. Direct femtosecond signal amplification by picosecond pumping is enabled by an ultrafast parametric environment in which the pre-delayed signal of faster speed gradually overtakes and effectively depletes the pump of slower speed as they propagate in a nonlinear crystal. The demonstrated technique should lead to breakthroughs in ultrafast lasers as well as applications.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2022

Nonlinear mixed Jordan triple *-derivations on factors

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a factor with dim$\mathcal{A}\geq2$. For $A, B\in\mathcal{A}$, define by $[A, B]_{*}=AB-BA^{\ast}$ and $A\bullet B=AB+BA^{\ast}$ the new products of $A$ and $B$. In this paper, it is proved that a map $Φ: \mathcal {A}\rightarrow \mathcal {A}$ satisfies $Φ([A, B]_{*}\bullet C)=[Φ(A), B]_{*}\bullet C+[A, Φ(B)]_{*}\bullet C+[A, B]_{*}\bullet Φ(C)$ for all $A, B,C\in\mathcal {A}$ if and only if $Φ$ is an additive $*-$derivation.

math.OA↗

arXiv2022

Phase-locking matter-wave interferometer of vortex states

Matter-wave interferometer of ultracold atoms with different linear momenta has been extensively studied in theory and experiment. The vortex matter-wave interferometer with different angular momenta is applicable as a quantum sensor for measuring the rotation, interatomic interaction, geometric phase, etc. Here we report the first experimental realization of a vortex matter-wave interferometer by coherently transferring the optical angular momentum to an ultracold Bose condensate. After producing a lossless interferometer with atoms only populating the two spin states, we demonstrate that the phase difference between the interferences in the two spin states is locked on $π$. We also demonstrate the robustness of this out-of-phase relation, which is independent of the angular-momentum difference between the two interfering vortex states, constituent of Raman optical fields and expansion of the condensate. The experimental results agree well with the calculation from the unitary evolution of wave packet in quantum mechanics. This work opens a new way to build a quantum sensor and measure the atomic correlation in quantum gases.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2022

Spatio-Temporal Coupling Controlled Laser for Electron Acceleration

Limited by the difficulty in acceleration synchronization, it has been a long-term challenge for on-chip dielectric laser-based accelerators (DLA) to bridge the gap between non-relativistic and relativistic regimes. Here, we propose a DLA based on a spatio-temporal coupling (STC) controlled laser pulse, which enables the acceleration of a non-relativistic electron to a sub-MeV level in a single acceleration structure (chirped spatial grating). It provides high precision temporal and spatial tuning of the driving laser via the dispersion manipulation, leading to a synchronous acceleration of the velocity increasing electrons over a large energy range. Additionally, the STC scheme is a general method and can be extended to driving fields of other wavelengths such as terahertz pulses. Our results bring new possibilities to MeV-scale portable electron sources and table-top acceleration experiments.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

Nonlinear mixed Jordan triple -derivations on -algebras

Let $\mathcal {A}$ be a unital $\ast$-algebra. For $A, B\in\mathcal{A}$, define by $[A, B]_{*}=AB-BA^{\ast}$ and $A\bullet B=AB+BA^{\ast}$ the new products of $A$ and $B$. In this paper, under some mild conditions on $\mathcal {A}$, it is shown that a map $Φ:\mathcal {A}\rightarrow \mathcal {A}$ satisfies $Φ([A\bullet B, C]_{*})=[Φ(A)\bullet B, C]_{*}+[A\bullet Φ(B), C]_{*}+[A\bullet B, Φ(C)]_{*}$ for all $A, B,C\in\mathcal {A}$ if and only if $Φ$ is an additive $*-$derivation. In particular, we apply the above result to prime $\ast$-algebras, von Neumann algebras with no central summands of type $I_1$, factor von Neumann algebras and standard operator algebras.

math.OA↗

arXiv2021

Ultrafast electron diffractometer with Terahertz-driven pulse compression

Terahertz (THz)-based electron manipulation has recently been shown to hold tremendous promise as a technology for manipulating and driving the next-generation of compact ultrafast electron sources. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast electron diffractometer with THz-driven pulse compression. The electron bunches from a conventional DC gun are compressed by a factor of 10 and reach a duration of ~180 fs (FWHM) with 10,000 electrons/pulse at a 1 kHz repetition rate. The resulting ultrafast electron source is used in a proof-of-principle experiment to probe the photoinduced dynamics of single-crystal silicon. The THz-compressed electron beams produce high-quality diffraction patterns and enable observation of the ultrafast structural dynamics with improved time resolution. These results validate the maturity of THz-driven ultrafast electron sources for use in precision applications.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2019

Data hiding in complex-amplitude modulation using a digital micromirror device

A digital micromirror device (DMD) is an amplitude-type spatial light modulator. However, a complex-amplitude light modulation with a DMD can be achieved using the superpixel scheme. In the superpixel scheme, we notice that multiple different DMD local block patterns may correspond to the same complex superpixel value. Based on this inherent encoding redundancy, a large amount of external data can be embedded into the DMD pattern without extra cost. Meanwhile, the original complex light field information carried by the DMD pattern is fully preserved. This proposed scheme is favorable for applications such as secure information transmission and copyright protection.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2019

Cascaded Multi-cycle terahertz driven ultrafast electron acceleration and manipulation

Terahertz (THz)-based electron acceleration and manipulation has recently been shown to be feasible and to hold tremendous promise as a technology for the development of next-generation, compact electron sources. Previous work has concentrated on structures powered transversely by short, single-cycle THz pulses, with mm-scale, segmented interaction regions that are ideal for acceleration of electrons in the sub- to few-MeV range where electron velocities vary significantly. However, in order to extend this technology to the multi-MeV range, investigation of approaches supporting longer interaction lengths is needed. Here, we demonstrate first steps in electron acceleration and manipulation using dielectrically-lined waveguides powered by temporally long, narrowband, multi-cycle THz pulses that co-propagate with the electrons. This geometry offers centimeter-scale single-stage interaction lengths and offers the opportunity to further increase interaction lengths by cascading acceleration stages that recycle the THz energy and rephase the interaction. We prove the feasibility of THz-energy recycling for the first time by demonstrating acceleration, compression and focusing in two sequential Al2O3-based dielectric capillary stages powered by the same multi-cycle THz pulse. Since the multi-cycle energy achievable using laser-based sources is currently a limiting factor for the maximum electron acceleration, THz energy recycling provides a key enabling factor for reaching relativistic energies with existing sources.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2018

Expansion dynamics of a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate

We experimentally and theoretically observe the expansion behaviors of a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate. A rubidium condensate is produced in an isotropic optical dipole trap with an asphericity of 0.037. We measure the variation of the condensate size during the expansion process. The free expansion of the condensate is isotropic, which is different from that of the condensate usually produced in the anisotropic trap. The expansion in the short time is speeding and then after a long time the expansion velocity asymptotically approaches a constant value. We derive an analytic solution of the expansion behavior based on the spherical symmetry, allowing a quantitative comparison with the experimental measurement. The interaction energy of the condensate is gradually converted into the kinetic energy at the beginning of the expansion and the kinetic energy dominates after a long-time expansion. We obtain the interaction energy of the condensate in the trap by probing the expansion velocity, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2018

Observation of phonon parametric down-conversion in a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate

We report the observation of parametric down-conversion of phonons in a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate. The spherical symmetry, which is crucial for observing this phenomenon, is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the collective mode and expansion behavior of the condensate. The low-energy monopole mode is excited by coupling with a high-energy mode with a nearly twice eigen-frequency. The population of the low-energy mode becomes maximum only when the high-energy mode is resonantly excited. Furthermore, we directly observe the parametric down-conversion process in the driving process, through simultaneously probing the two coupling modes. The experimental observation is consistent with the perturbation theory including the gravity effect. This work opens the challenge in related study of the condensate beyond mean-field theory and has potential applications in quantum information.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2018

Observation of quantum phase transition in spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light represents a fundamental optical freedom that can be exploited to manipulate quantum state of atoms. In particular, it can be used to realize spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling in cold atoms by inducing an atomic Raman transition using two laser beams with differing OAM. Rich quantum phases are predicted to exist in many-body systems with SOAM coupling. Their observations in laboratory, however, are often hampered by the limited control of the system parameters. In this work we report, for the first time, the experimental observation of the ground-state quantum phase diagram of the SOAM coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The discontinuous variation of the spin polarization as well as the vorticity of the atomic wave function across the phase boundaries provides clear evidence of first-order phase transitions. Our results open up a new way to the study of phase transitions and exotic quantum phases in quantum gases.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2017

Segmented Terahertz Electron Accelerator and Manipulator (STEAM)

Acceleration and manipulation of ultrashort electron bunches are the basis behind electron and X-ray devices used for ultrafast, atomic-scale imaging and spectroscopy. Using laser-generated THz drivers enables intrinsic synchronization as well as dramatic gains in field strengths, field gradients and component compactness, leading to shorter electron bunches, higher spatio-temporal resolution and smaller infrastructures. We present a segmented THz electron accelerator and manipulator (STEAM) with extended interaction lengths capable of performing multiple high-field operations on the energy and phase-space of ultrashort bunches with moderate charge. With this single device, powered by few-microjoule, single-cycle, 0.3 THz pulses, we demonstrate record THz-device acceleration of >30 keV, streaking with <10 fs resolution, focusing with >2 kT/m strengths, compression to ~100 fs as well as real-time switching between these modes of operation. The STEAM device demonstrates the feasibility of future THz-based compact electron guns, accelerators, ultrafast electron diffractometers and Free-Electron Lasers with transformative impact.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2017

Optimizing the optical imaging system by \emph{in-situ} imaging the plugged hole in the ultracold atoms

Optical absorption imaging has become a common technique for detecting the density distribution of ultracold atoms. The defocus effect generally produces artificial spatial structures in the obtained images, which confuses our understanding of the quantum systems. Here we experimentally demonstrate one method to optimize the optical imaging system by \emph{in-situ} imaging the plugged hole in the cold atoms. The atoms confined in a magnetic trap are cooled to tens of or several microkelvin by the radio-frequency evaporation cooling, and then are plugged using a blue-detuned laser beam, forming a hole in the center of the atomic cloud. We image the hole with a charge-coupled device (CCD) and quantitatively analyze the artificial spatial structure due to the defocus effect. Through minimizing the artificial structures by precisely adjusting the CCD position, we can optimize the imaging system with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. We also demonstrate the necessity of this method in probing rubidium BEC with a time of flight (TOF) of 5 ms. Compared to other methods in focusing the imaging system, the proposal demonstrated in this paper is simple and efficient, particularly for experimentally extracting large-scale parameters like atomic density, atomic number and the size of the atomic cloud.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2017

Global existence to a $3D$ chemotaxis-Navier-stokes system with nonlinear diffusion and rotation

This paper is concerned with the following quasilinear chemotaxis--Navier--Stokes system with nonlinear diffusion and rotation $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} n_t+u\cdot\nabla n=Δn^m-\nabla\cdot(nS(x,n,c)\cdot\nabla c),\quad x\in Ω, t>0, c_t+u\cdot\nabla c=Δc-nc,\quad x\in Ω, t>0,\\ u_t+κ(u \cdot \nabla)u+\nabla P=Δu+n\nabla ϕ,\quad x\in Ω, t>0,\\ \nabla\cdot u=0,\quad x\in Ω, t>0 \end{array}\right.\eqno(CNF) $$ is considered under the no-flux boundary conditions for $n, c$ and the Dirichlet boundary condition for $u$ in a three-dimensional convex domain $Ω\subseteq \mathbb{R}^3$ with smooth boundary, which describes the motion of oxygen-driven bacteria in a fluid. Here % $Ω\subseteq \mathbb{R}^3$ is a , $κ\in \mathbb{R}$ and $S$ denotes the strength of nonlinear fluid convection and a given tensor-valued function, respectively. Assume $m>\frac{10}{9}$ and $S$ fulfills $|S(x,n,c)| \leq S_0(c)$ for all $(x,n,c)\in \barΩ \times [0, \infty)\times[0, \infty)$ with $S_0(c)$ nondecreasing on $[0,\infty)$, then for any reasonably regular initial data, the corresponding initial-boundary problem $(CNF)$ admits at least one global weak solution.

math.AP↗

arXiv2016

Terahertz-driven, all-optical electron gun

Ultrashort electron beams with narrow energy spread, high charge, and low jitter are essential for resolving phase transitions in metals, semiconductors, and molecular crystals. These semirelativistic beams, produced by phototriggered electron guns, are also injected into accelerators for x-ray light sources. The achievable resolution of these time-resolved electron diffraction or x-ray experiments has been hindered by surface field and timing jitter limitations in conventional RF guns, which thus far are <200 MV/m and >96 fs, respectively. A gun driven by optically-generated single-cycle THz pulses provides a practical solution to enable not only GV/m surface fields but also absolute timing stability, since the pulses are generated by the same laser as the phototrigger. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical THz gun yielding peak electron energies approaching 1 keV, accelerated by 300 MV/m THz fields in a novel micron-scale waveguide structure. We also achieve quasimonoenergetic, sub-keV bunches with 32 fC of charge, which can already be used for time-resolved low-energy electron diffraction. Such ultracompact, easy to implement guns driven by intrinsically synchronized THz pulses that are pumped by an amplified arm of the already present photoinjector laser provide a new tool with potential to transform accelerator based science.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

Enhanced trapping of colding lithium by using the multiple-sideband cooling in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap

Trapping lithium with a big number in a simplified experimental setup has difficulties and challenges today. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of \textsuperscript{6}Li trapping efficiency in a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D MOT) by using the multiple-sideband cooling in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT). To improve the number of trapped atoms, we broaden the cooling light spectrum to 102 MHz composed of seven frequency components and then trap atoms with a number of $6.0\times10^8$ which is about 4 times compared to that in the single-frequency cooling. The capture velocity and dependence of atomic number on the laser detuning have been analyzed, where the experimental result has a good agreement with the theoretical prediction based on a simple two-level model. We also analyze the loss rate of alkali metals due to fine-structure exchanging collisions and find that the multiple-sideband cooling is special valid for lithium.

physics.atom-ph↗