Universality in the Onset of Super-Diffusion in Lévy Walks

Abstract

Anomalous dynamics in which local perturbations spread faster than diffusion are ubiquitously observed in the long-time behavior of a wide variety of systems. Here, the manner by which such systems evolve towards their asymptotic superdiffusive behavior is explored using the 1d Lévy walk of order $1 < β< 2$. The approach towards superdiffusion, as captured by the leading correction to the asymptotic behavior, is shown to remarkably undergo a transition as $β$ crosses the critical value $β_{c} = 3/2$. Above $β_{c}$, this correction scales as $\lvert x \rvert \sim t^{1/2}$, describing simple diffusion. However, below $β_{c}$ it is instead found to remain superdiffusive, scaling as $\lvert x \rvert \sim t^{1/(2β-1)}$. This transition is shown to be independent of the precise model details and is thus argued to be universal.