Sparse random tensors: Concentration, regularization and applications

Abstract

We prove a non-asymptotic concentration inequality for the spectral norm of sparse inhomogeneous random tensors with Bernoulli entries. For an order-$k$ inhomogeneous random tensor $T$ with sparsity $p_{\max}\geq \frac{c\log n}{n }$, we show that $\|T-\mathbb E T\|=O(\sqrt{n p_{\max}}\log^{k-2}(n))$ with high probability. The optimality of this bound up to polylog factors is provided by an information theoretic lower bound. By tensor unfolding, we extend the range of sparsity to $p_{\max}\geq \frac{c\log n}{n^{m}}$ with $1\leq m\leq k-1$ and obtain concentration inequalities for different sparsity regimes. We also provide a simple way to regularize $T$ such that $O(\sqrt{n^{m}p_{\max}})$ concentration still holds down to sparsity $p_{\max}\geq \frac{c}{n^{m}}$ with $k/2\leq m\leq k-1$. We present our concentration and regularization results with two applications: (i) a randomized construction of hypergraphs of bounded degrees with good expander mixing properties, (ii) concentration of sparsified tensors under uniform sampling.