Properties of steady states for a class of non-local Fisher-KPP equations in disconnected domains

Abstract

The question studied here is the existence and uniqueness of a non-trivial bounded steady state of a Fisher-KPP equation involving a fractional Laplacian (--$\Delta$)^$\alpha$ in a domain with Dirichlet conditions outside of the domain. More specifically, we investigate such questions in the case of general fragmented unbounded domains. Indeed, we take advantage of the non-local dispersion in order to provide analytic bounds (which depend only on the domain) on the steady states. Such results are relevant in biology. For instance, our results provide criteria on the domain for the subsistence of a species subject to a non-local diffusion in a fragmented area. These criteria primarily involve the sign of the first eigenvalue of the operator (--$\Delta$)^$\alpha$ -- Id in a domain with Dirichlet conditions outside of the domain. To this end, we exhibit a result of continuity of this principal eigenvalue with respect to the distance between two compact patchs in the one dimensional case. The main novelty of this last result is the continuity up to the distance 0.