Effect of the Reynolds number on turbulence kinetic energy exchanges in flows with highly variable fluid properties

Abstract

Spatial and spectral energy exchanges associated with the turbulence kinetic energy per unit mass, or half-trace of the velocity covariance tensor, are studied in an anisothermal low Mach number turbulent channel flow. The temperatures of the two channel walls are 293 K and 586 K. This generates a strong temperature gradient in the wall-normal direction. The effect of the temperature gradient on the energy exchanges is investigated using two direct numerical simulations of the channel, at the mean friction Reynolds numbers 180 and 395. The temperature gradient creates an asymmetry between the energy exchanges at the hot and cold sides, due to the variations of the local fluid properties and low Reynolds number effects. The low Reynolds number effects are smaller at higher Reynolds number, reducing the asymmetry between the hot and cold sides. We also decomposed the energy exchanges in order to study separately the mean-property terms, as found in the constant-property isothermal case, and the thermal terms, specific to flows with variable fluid properties. The significant thermal terms have a similar effect on the flow. Besides, low Reynolds number effects have a negligible impact on thermal terms and only affect mean-property terms.