$C$-parameter hadronisation in the symmetric 3-jet limit and impact on $α_s$ fits

Abstract

Hadronisation corrections are crucial in extractions of the strong coupling constant ($α_s$) from event-shape distributions at lepton colliders. Although their dynamics cannot be understood rigorously using perturbative methods, their dominant effect on physical observables can be estimated in singular configurations sensitive to the emission of soft radiation. The differential distributions of some event-shape variables, notably the $C$ parameter, feature two such singular points. We analytically compute the leading non-perturbative correction in the symmetric three-jet limit for the $C$ parameter, and find that it differs by more than a factor of two from the known result in the two-jet limit. We estimate the impact of this result on strong coupling extractions, considering a range of functions to interpolate the hadronisation correction in the region between the 2 and 3-jet limits. Fitting data from ALEPH and JADE, we find that most interpolation choices increase the extracted $α_s$, with effects of up to $4\%$ relative to standard fits. This brings a new perspective on the long-standing discrepancy between certain event-shape $α_s$ fits and the world average.