On the asymptotic decay of the Schr\"odinger--Newton ground state

Abstract

The asymptotics of the ground state $u(r)$ of the Schr\"odinger--Newton equation in $\mathbb{R}^3$ was determined by V. Moroz and J. van Schaftingen to be $u(r) \sim A e^{-r}/ r^{1 - \|u\|_2^2/8\pi}$ for some $A>0$, in units that fix the exponential rate to unity. They left open the value of $\|u\|_2^2$, the squared $L^2$ norm of $u$. Here it is rigorously shown that $2^{1/3}3\pi^2\leq \|u\|_2^2\leq 2^{3}\pi^{3/2}$. It is reported that numerically $\|u\|_2^2\approx 14.03\pi$, revealing that the monomial prefactor of $e^{-r}$ increases with $r$ in a concave manner. Asymptotic results are proposed for the Schr\"odinger--Newton equation with external $\sim - K/r$ potential, and for the related Hartree equation of a bosonic atom or ion.