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arXiv · 2102.11591

Time Parametrizations in Long-Range Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates

Eiji Konishi
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Abstract

Time-reparametrization invariance in general relativistic space-time does not allow us to single out a time in quantum mechanics in a mechanical way of measurement. Motivated by this problem, we examine this gauge invariance in the ground state of the quasi-stationary coarse-grained state of a long-range interacting closed system of identical or identified, macroscopic, and spatiotemporally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates in the thermodynamic and Newtonian limits. As a result, we find that it is a theoretical counterexample of this gauge invariance, except for proper-time translational invariance, at a coarse-grained level.

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Eiji Konishi. 2021-02-23. Time Parametrizations in Long-Range Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates. https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528%2Fac261e

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