Giant and tunneling magnetoresistance effects from anisotropic and valley-dependent spin-momentum interactions in antiferromagnets

Abstract

Giant or tunneling magnetoresistance are physical phenomena used for reading information in commercial spintronic devices. The effects rely on a conserved spin current passing between a reference and a sensing ferromagnetic electrode in a multilayer structure. Recently, we have proposed that these fundamental spintronic effects can be realized in collinear antiferromagnets with staggered spin-momentum exchange interaction, which generates conserved spin currents in the absence of a net equilibrium magnetization. Here we elaborate on the proposal by presenting archetype model mechanisms for the antiferromagnetic giant and tunneling magnetoresistance effects. The models are based, respectively, on anisotropic and valley-dependent forms of the non-relativistic staggered spin-momentum interaction. Using first principles calculations we link these model mechanisms to real antiferromagnetic materials and predict a $\sim$100\% scale for the effects. We point out that besides the GMR/TMR detection, our models directly imply the possibility of spin-transfer-torques excitation of the antiferromagnets.