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arXiv · 2105.03105

Imprinting the quantum statistics of photons on free electrons

Raphael Dahan·Alexey Gorlach·Urs Haeusler·Aviv Karnieli·Ori Eyal·Peyman Yousefi·Mordechai Segev·Ady Arie·Gadi Eisenstein·Peter Hommelhoff·Ido Kaminer
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Abstract

The fundamental interaction between free electrons and light stands at the base of both classical and quantum physics, with applications in free-electron acceleration, radiation sources, and electron microscopy. Yet, to this day, all experiments involving free-electron light interactions are fully explained by describing the light as a classical wave, disregarding its quantum nature. Here, we observe quantum statistics effects of photons on free-electron-light interactions. We demonstrate interactions passing continuously from Poissonian to super-Poissonian and up to thermal statistics, unveiling a surprising manifestation of Bohr's Correspondence Principle: the transition from quantum walk to classical random walk on the free-electron energy ladder. The electron walker serves as the probe in non-destructive quantum detection, measuring the photon-correlation ${g^{(2)} (0)}$ and higher-orders ${g^{(n)} (0)}$. Unlike conventional quantum-optical detectors, the electron can perform both quantum weak measurements and projective measurements by evolving into an entangled joint-state with the photons. Our findings suggest free-electron-based non-destructive quantum tomography of light, and constitute an important step towards combined attosecond-temporal and sub-A-spatial resolution microscopy.

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Raphael Dahan, Alexey Gorlach, Urs Haeusler, Aviv Karnieli, Ori Eyal, Peyman Yousefi, Mordechai Segev, Ady Arie, Gadi Eisenstein, Peter Hommelhoff, Ido Kaminer. 2021-05-07. Imprinting the quantum statistics of photons on free electrons. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj7128

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