Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Ady Arie

Publications and source records attributed to Ady Arie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Unveiling Structured Optical Coherence in Nonlinear Optics

Nonlinear optical interactions are typically driven by coherent sources. Recently, however, incoherent sources have also been shown to offer new opportunities in nonlinear optics. Here we study the effects of the source incoherence in second harmonic generation. We derive and experimentally validate an analytic expression for the far-field coherence function at the second harmonic frequency, which is a generalization of the well-known van Cittert-Zernike theorem. Unlike the linear optics case, here the results depend not only on the source spatial distribution, but also on the nonlinear structure of the crystal. We further show, by performing Young's double-slit measurement, that the coherence at the second harmonic increases as the light propagates inside the nonlinear crystal. Our results establish nonlinearity as a degree of freedom for optical coherence, opening a new research area at the interface of statistical optics and nonlinear optics.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2026

Observation of Phase Space Dynamics of Inverted Harmonic Oscillator

We have experimentally realized a parabolic potential barrier for surface gravity water waves. The analogy between the resulting wave equation and the Schrodinger equation for the inverted harmonic oscillator (IHO) enables us to study the propagation of quantum-mechanical wave packets with different average energies in this iconic scattering model. We observe a clear boundary in the phase-space dynamics, namely the separatrix, which distinguishes wave packets with energies below the maximum of the IHO potential from those with energies above it. In the former case, the wave packet is blocked, whereas in the latter case, it is transmitted. We also measure the corresponding variation in momentum during this process.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2026

Single Plane Spatial Mode Sorter

A mode sorter separates a set of M orthogonal spatial modes in a shared input channel into M different output channels. Here we present an analytic derivation and experimental validation of a single plane device for sorting spatial modes from a diverse variety of mode families, including Hermite-Gaussian (HG), Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), Bessel-Gaussian (BG), with almost no cross-talk. This sorting capability is required for a wide range of applications that employ classical or quantum light. We also show that applying this design in order to sort a set of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes with zero radial index reproduces the well-known Fork grating configuration. Furthermore, by taking the limit of M -> inf, we present an analytical expression for sorting all the modes of a given family. By operating this device in reverse, it can be used to generate arbitrary modes, by illuminating it with a Gaussian beam. The power transmission coefficient for this sorter goes as 1/M and we provide a mathematical proof that this is optimal for any typical arrangement of the detector positions. We further study the sorter sensitivity to wavelength and random phase noise.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2025

Direct Polarization-Entangled Photon Pair Generation Using Domain-Engineered Nonlinear Crystals

A bi-photon polarization-frequency entanglement source was realized by shaping the phase-matching function of a poled KTP crystal. It provides a simple method to achieve either polarization or spectral entanglement in a simple collinear setup, based on single-pass SPDC and a dichroic (or polarizing) beam splitter. This is a robust and cost-effective configuration that can be easily implemented outside the laboratory environment. We characterized the source by two approaches: reconstructing the density matrix of the generated state with quantum state tomography, by recording the coincidences across 16 mutual polarization settings, in addition to a new method based on quantifying the symmetry of the joint spectral intensity by swapping between the signal and idler wavelengths. The polarization-entangled source violates the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality with a measured $S=2.747\pm 0.004$. We also measured the polarization entanglement visibility in two mutually unbiased polarization bases and evaluated the squeezing level by characterizing the reduction in visibility at high pump power.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2025

Pseudospin Transverse Localization of Light in an Optical Disordered Spin-Glass Phase

Localization phenomena during transport are typically driven by disordered scalar potentials. Here, we predict a universal pseudospin localization phenomenon induced by a disordered vectorial potential and demonstrate it experimentally in an optical analogue of a classical disordered spin-glass magnetic phase. In our system, a transverse disorder in the second-order nonlinear coupling of a nonlinear photonic crystal causes the idler-signal light beam, representing the pseudospin current, to become localized in the transverse plane. This effect depends strongly on the nonlinear coupling strength, controlled by the optical pump power, revealing its inherently nonlinear and non-perturbative nature. Furthermore, this phenomenon is marked by decaying Rabi oscillations between the idler and signal fields, linked to the disorder properties, suggesting an accompanied longitudinal decoherence effect. Our findings offer deep insights into spin transport in disordered magnetic textures and open avenues for exploring complex magnetic phases and phase transitions using nonlinear optics.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2024

Efficient Robust Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion via Detuning Modulated Composite Segments Designs

Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) holds a pivotal role in quantum physics, facilitating the creation of entangled photon pairs, heralded single photons and squeezed light, critical resources for many applications in quantum technologies. However, their production is susceptible to physical variations, posing limitations on their robust utility. To overcome these limitations, this work introduces a method to significantly enhance the reliability of entangled photon pair generation. This approach involves introducing a composite design scheme to the SPDC process. The design is based on the development of a theoretical composite segments framework for SU(1,1), offering increased error resilience and robustness of the process. The practical application is experimentally demonstrated by modulating the nonlinear coefficient of a KTP crystal for degenerate 532 nm to 1064 nm conversion, resulting in an effective sevenfold improvement in stability of photon-pair generation and coincidence rate against temperature fluctuations compared to conventional quasi-phase-matching techniques. Furthermore, the presented concept is applicable to other physical systems that exhibit SU(1,1) dynamics. This methodology can create a leap forward in quantum technologies by significantly enhancing stability and error tolerance, thus paving the way for a new generation of entangled photon sources, holding promise for quantum information processing, communication, and precision measurement applications.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2024

Quantum enhanced mechanical rotation sensing using wavefront photonic gears

Quantum metrology leverages quantum correlations for enhanced parameter estimation. Recently, structured light enabled increased resolution and sensitivity in quantum metrology systems. However, lossy and complex setups impacting photon flux, hinder true quantum advantage while using high dimensional structured light. We introduce a straightforward mechanical rotation quantum sensing mechanism, employing high-dimensional structured light and a compact high-flux (45,000 coincidence counts per second) N00N state source with N=2. The system utilizes two opposite spiral phase plates with topological charge of up to l=16 that convert mechanical rotation into wavefront phase shifts, and exhibit a 16-fold enhanced super-resolution and 25-fold enhanced sensitivity between different topological charges, while retaining the acquisition times and with negligible change in coincidence count. Furthermore, the high photon flux enables to detect mechanical angular acceleration in real-time. Our approach paves the way for highly sensitive quantum measurements, applicable to various interferometric schemes.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Two-dimensional Control of a Biphoton Joint Spectrum

Control over the joint spectral amplitude of a photon pair has proved highly desirable for many quantum applications, since it contains the spectral quantum correlations, and has crucial effects on the indistinguishability of photons, as well as promising emerging applications involving complex quantum functions and frequency encoding of qudits. Until today, this has been achieved by engineering a single degree of freedom, either by custom poling nonlinear crystal or by shaping the pump pulse. We present a combined approach where two degrees of freedom, the phase-matching function, and the pump spectrum, are controlled. This approach enables the two-dimensional control of the joint spectral amplitude, generating a variety of spectrally encoded quantum states - including frequency uncorrelated states, frequency-bin Bell states, and biphoton qudit states. In addition, the joint spectral amplitude is controlled by photon bunching and anti-bunching, reflecting the symmetry of the phase-matching function.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Frequency-domain engineering of bright squeezed vacuum for continuous-variable quantum information

Multimode bright squeezed vacuum is a non-classical state of light hosting a macroscopic photon number while offering promising capacity for encoding quantum information in its spectral degree of freedom. Here, we employ an accurate model for parametric downconversion in the high-gain regime and use nonlinear holography to design quantum correlations of bright squeezed vacuum in the frequency domain. We propose the design of quantum correlations over two-dimensional lattice geometries that are all-optically controlled, paving the way toward continuous-variable cluster state generation on an ultrafast timescale. Specifically, we investigate the generation of a square cluster state in the frequency domain and calculate its covariance matrix and the quantum nullifier uncertainties, that exhibit squeezing below the vacuum noise level.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Designing Nonlinear Photonic Crystals for High-Dimensional Quantum State Engineering

We propose a novel, physically-constrained and differentiable approach for the generation of D-dimensional qudit states via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in quantum optics. We circumvent any limitations imposed by the inherently stochastic nature of the physical process and incorporate a set of stochastic dynamical equations governing its evolution under the SPDC Hamiltonian. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model through the design of structured nonlinear photonic crystals (NLPCs) and shaped pump beams; and show, theoretically and experimentally, how to generate maximally entangled states in the spatial degree of freedom. The learning of NLPC structures offers a promising new avenue for shaping and controlling arbitrary quantum states and enables all-optical coherent control of the generated states. We believe that this approach can readily be extended from bulky crystals to thin Metasurfaces and potentially applied to other quantum systems sharing a similar Hamiltonian structures, such as superfluids and superconductors.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2023

Additive manufacturing of solid diffractive optical elements via near index matching

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have a wide range of applications in optics and photonics, thanks to their capability to perform complex wavefront shaping in a compact form. However, widespread applicability of DOEs is still limited, because existing fabrication methods are cumbersome and expensive. Here, we present a simple and cost-effective fabrication approach for solid, high-performance DOEs. The method is based on conjugating two nearly refractive index-matched solidifiable transparent materials. The index matching allows for extreme scaling up of the elements in the axial dimension, which enables simple fabrication of a template using commercially available 3D printing at tens-of-micrometer resolution. We demonstrated the approach by fabricating and using DOEs serving as microlens arrays, vortex plates, including for highly sensitive applications such as vector beam generation and super-resolution microscopy using MINSTED, and phase-masks for three-dimensional single-molecule localization microscopy. Beyond the advantage of making DOEs widely accessible by drastically simplifying their production, the method also overcomes difficulties faced by existing methods in fabricating highly complex elements, such as high-order vortex plates, and spectrum-encoding phase masks for microscopy.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2023

Universal and ultrafast quantum computation based on free-electron-polariton blockade

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), wherein a quantum emitter is coupled to electromagnetic cavity modes, is a powerful platform for implementing quantum sensors, memories, and networks. However, due to the fundamental tradeoff between gate fidelity and execution time, as well as limited scalability, the use of cavity-QED for quantum computation was overtaken by other architectures. Here, we introduce a new element into cavity-QED - a free charged particle, acting as a flying qubit. Using free electrons as a specific example, we demonstrate that our approach enables ultrafast, deterministic and universal discrete-variable quantum computation in a cavity-QED-based architecture, with potentially improved scalability. Our proposal hinges on a novel excitation blockade mechanism in a resonant interaction between a free-electron and a cavity polariton. This nonlinear interaction is faster by several orders of magnitude with respect to current photon-based cavity-QED gates, enjoys wide tunability and can demonstrate fidelities close to unity. Furthermore, our scheme is ubiquitous to any cavity nonlinearity, either due to light-matter coupling as in the Jaynes-Cummings model or due to photon-photon interactions as in a Kerr-type many-body system. In addition to promising advancements in cavity-QED quantum computation, our approach paves the way towards ultrafast and deterministic generation of highly-entangled photonic graph states and is applicable to other quantum technologies involving cavity-QED.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

SPDCinv: Inverse Quantum-Optical Design of High-Dimensional Qudits

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion in quantum optics is an invaluable resource for the realization of high-dimensional qudits with spatial modes of light. One of the main open challenges is how to directly generate a desirable qudit state in the SPDC process. This problem can be addressed through advanced computational learning methods; however, due to difficulties in modeling the SPDC process by a fully differentiable algorithm that takes into account all interaction effects, progress has been limited. Here, we overcome these limitations and introduce a physically-constrained and differentiable model, validated against experimental results for shaped pump beams and structured crystals, capable of learning every interaction parameter in the process. We avoid any restrictions induced by the stochastic nature of our physical model and integrate the dynamic equations governing the evolution under the SPDC Hamiltonian. We solve the inverse problem of designing a nonlinear quantum optical system that achieves the desired quantum state of down-converted photon pairs. The desired states are defined using either the second-order correlations between different spatial modes or by specifying the required density matrix. By learning nonlinear volume holograms as well as different pump shapes, we successfully show how to generate maximally entangled states. Furthermore, we simulate all-optical coherent control over the generated quantum state by actively changing the profile of the pump beam. Our work can be useful for applications such as novel designs of high-dimensional quantum key distribution and quantum information processing protocols. In addition, our method can be readily applied for controlling other degrees of freedom of light in the SPDC process, such as the spectral and temporal properties, and may even be used in condensed-matter systems having a similar interaction Hamiltonian.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

Imprinting the quantum statistics of photons on free electrons

The fundamental interaction between free electrons and light stands at the base of both classical and quantum physics, with applications in free-electron acceleration, radiation sources, and electron microscopy. Yet, to this day, all experiments involving free-electron light interactions are fully explained by describing the light as a classical wave, disregarding its quantum nature. Here, we observe quantum statistics effects of photons on free-electron-light interactions. We demonstrate interactions passing continuously from Poissonian to super-Poissonian and up to thermal statistics, unveiling a surprising manifestation of Bohr's Correspondence Principle: the transition from quantum walk to classical random walk on the free-electron energy ladder. The electron walker serves as the probe in non-destructive quantum detection, measuring the photon-correlation ${g^{(2)} (0)}$ and higher-orders ${g^{(n)} (0)}$. Unlike conventional quantum-optical detectors, the electron can perform both quantum weak measurements and projective measurements by evolving into an entangled joint-state with the photons. Our findings suggest free-electron-based non-destructive quantum tomography of light, and constitute an important step towards combined attosecond-temporal and sub-A-spatial resolution microscopy.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

Diffractive Guiding of Waves by a Periodic Array of Slits

We show that in order to guide waves, it is sufficient to periodically truncate their edges. The modes supported by this type of wave guide propagate freely between the slits, and the propagation pattern repeats itself. We experimentally demonstrate this general wave phenomenon for two types of waves: (i) plasmonic waves propagating on a metal-air interface that are periodically blocked by nanometric metallic walls, and (ii) surface gravity water waves whose evolution is recorded, the packet is truncated, and generated again to show repeated patterns. This guiding concept is applicable for a wide variety of waves.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2021

Comment on: "Nonlinear quantum effects in electromagnetic radiation of a vortex electron"

This comment on the Phys. Rev. A paper "Nonlinear quantum effects in electromagnetic radiation of a vortex electron" by Karlovets and Pupasov-Maximov [Phys. Rev. A 103, 12214 (2021)] addresses their criticism of the combined experimental and theoretical study "Observing the quantum wave nature of free electrons through spontaneous emission" by Remez et al, published in Phys. Rev. Lett. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 060401 (2019)]. We show, by means of simple optical arguments as well as numerical simulations, that the criticism raised by Karlovets and Pupasov-Maximov regarding the experimental regime reported by Remez et al is false. Further, we discuss a necessary clarification for the theoretical derivations presented by Karlovets and Pupasov-Maximov, as they only hold for a certain experimental situation where the final state of the emitting electron is observed in coincidence with the emitted photon - which is not the common scenario in cathodoluminescence. Upon lifting the concerns regarding the experimental regime reported by Remez et al, and explicitly clarifying the electron post-selection, we believe that the paper by Karlovets and Pupasov-Maximov may constitute a valuable contribution to the problem of spontaneous emission by shaped electron wavefunctions, as it presents new expressions for the emission rates beyond the ubiquitous paraxial approximation.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

Projectile motion of surface gravity water wave packets: An analogy to quantum mechanics

We study phase contributions of wave functions that occur in the evolution of Gaussian surface gravity water wave packets with nonzero initial momenta propagating in the presence and absence of an effective external linear potential. Our approach takes advantage of the fact that in contrast to matter waves, water waves allow us to measure both their amplitudes and phases.

quant-ph↗