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arXiv · 2109.08123

Neural \'{E}tendue Expander for Ultra-Wide-Angle High-Fidelity Holographic Display

Ethan Tseng·Grace Kuo·Seung-Hwan Baek·Nathan Matsuda·Andrew Maimone·Florian Schiffers·Praneeth Chakravarthula·Qiang Fu·Wolfgang Heidrich·Douglas Lanman·Felix Heide
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Abstract

Holographic displays can generate light fields by dynamically modulating the wavefront of a coherent beam of light using a spatial light modulator, promising rich virtual and augmented reality applications. However, the limited spatial resolution of existing dynamic spatial light modulators imposes a tight bound on the diffraction angle. As a result, modern holographic displays possess low \'{e}tendue, which is the product of the display area and the maximum solid angle of diffracted light. The low \'{e}tendue forces a sacrifice of either the field-of-view (FOV) or the display size. In this work, we lift this limitation by presenting neural \'{e}tendue expanders. This new breed of optical elements, which is learned from a natural image dataset, enables higher diffraction angles for ultra-wide FOV while maintaining both a compact form factor and the fidelity of displayed contents to human viewers. With neural \'{e}tendue expanders, we experimentally achieve 64$\times$ \'{e}tendue expansion of natural images in full color, expanding the FOV by an order of magnitude horizontally and vertically, with high-fidelity reconstruction quality (measured in PSNR) over 29 dB on retinal-resolution images.

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Ethan Tseng, Grace Kuo, Seung-Hwan Baek, Nathan Matsuda, Andrew Maimone, Florian Schiffers, Praneeth Chakravarthula, Qiang Fu, Wolfgang Heidrich, Douglas Lanman, Felix Heide. 2021-09-16. Neural \'{E}tendue Expander for Ultra-Wide-Angle High-Fidelity Holographic Display. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46915-3

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