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arXiv · 2110.07159

Interpreting the Robustness of Neural NLP Models to Textual Perturbations

Yunxiang Zhang·Liangming Pan·Samson Tan·Min-Yen Kan
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Abstract

Modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) models are known to be sensitive to input perturbations and their performance can decrease when applied to real-world, noisy data. However, it is still unclear why models are less robust to some perturbations than others. In this work, we test the hypothesis that the extent to which a model is affected by an unseen textual perturbation (robustness) can be explained by the learnability of the perturbation (defined as how well the model learns to identify the perturbation with a small amount of evidence). We further give a causal justification for the learnability metric. We conduct extensive experiments with four prominent NLP models -- TextRNN, BERT, RoBERTa and XLNet -- over eight types of textual perturbations on three datasets. We show that a model which is better at identifying a perturbation (higher learnability) becomes worse at ignoring such a perturbation at test time (lower robustness), providing empirical support for our hypothesis.

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Yunxiang Zhang, Liangming Pan, Samson Tan, Min-Yen Kan. 2021-10-14. Interpreting the Robustness of Neural NLP Models to Textual Perturbations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.07159

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