Global boundedness and Allee effect for a nonlocal time fractional reaction-diffusion equation

Abstract

The global boundedness and asymptotic behavior are investigated for the solutions of a nonlocal time fractional reaction-diffusion equation (NTFRDE) $$ \frac{\partial^{α}u}{\partial t^{α}}=Δu+μu^{2}(1-kJ*u)-γu, \qquad(x,t)\in\mathbb{R}^{N}\times(0,+\infty)$$ with $0<α<1,β, μ,k>0,N\leq 2$ and $u(x,0)=u_{0}(x)$. Under appropriate assumptions on $J$ and the property of time fractional derivative, it is proved that for any nonnegative and bounded initial conditions, the problem has a global bounded classical solution if $k^{*}=0$ for $N=1$ or $k^{*}=(μC^{2}_{GN}+1)η^{-1}$ for $N=2$, where $C_{GN}$ is the constant in Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality. With further assumptions on the initial datum, for small $μ$ values, the solution is shown to converge to $0$ exponentially or locally uniformly as $t \rightarrow \infty$, which is referred as the Allee effect in sense of Caputo derivative. Moreover, under the condition of $J \equiv 1$, it is proved that the nonlinear NTFRDE has a global bounded solution in any dimensional space with the nonlinear diffusion terms $Δu^{m}\, (2-\frac{2}{N}< m\leq 3)$.