Mean field type equations on line bundle over a closed Riemann surface

Abstract

Let $(\mathcal{L},\mathfrak{g})$ be a line bundle over a closed Riemann surface $(\Sigma,g)$, $\Gamma(\mathcal{L})$ be the set of all smooth sections, and $\mathcal{D}:\Gamma(\mathcal{L})\rightarrow T^\ast\Sigma\otimes \Gamma(\mathcal{L})$ be a connection independent of the bundle metric $\mathfrak{g}$, where $T^\ast\Sigma$ is the cotangent bundle. Suppose that there exists a global unit frame $\zeta$ on $\Gamma({\mathcal{L}})$. Precisely for any $\sigma\in\Gamma(\mathcal{L})$, there exists a unique smooth function $u:\Sigma\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ such that $\sigma=u\zeta$ with $|\zeta|\equiv 1$ on $\Sigma$. For any real number $\rho$, we define a functional $\mathcal{J}_\rho:W^{1,2}(\Sigma,\mathcal{L})\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ by $$\mathcal{J}_\rho(\sigma)=\frac{1}{2}\int_\Sigma|\mathcal{D} \sigma|^2dv_g+\frac{\rho} {|\Sigma|}\int_\Sigma\langle\sigma,\zeta\rangle dv_g-\rho\log\int_\Sigma h e^{\langle\sigma,\zeta\rangle}dv_g,$$ where $W^{1,2}(\Sigma,\mathcal{L})$ is a completion of $\Gamma(\mathcal{L})$ under the usual Sobolev norm, $|\Sigma|$ is the area of $(\Sigma,g)$, $h:\Sigma\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a strictly positive smooth function and $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ is the inner product induced by $\mathfrak{g}$. The Euler-Lagrange equations of $\mathcal{J}_\rho$ are called mean field type equations. Write $\mathcal{H}_0=\{\sigma\in W^{1,2}(\Sigma,\mathcal{L}):\mathcal{D}\sigma=0\}$ and $$\mathcal{H}_1=\left\{\sigma\in W^{1,2}(\Sigma,\mathcal{L}):\int_\Sigma \langle\sigma,\tau\rangle dv_g=0,\,\,\forall \tau \in \mathcal{H}_0\right\}.$$ Based on the variational method, we prove that $\mathcal{J}_\rho$ has a constraint critical point on the space $\mathcal{H}_1$ for any $\rho<8\pi$; Based on blow-up analysis, we calculate the exact value of $\inf_{\sigma\in\mathcal{H}_1}\mathcal{J}_{8\pi}(\sigma)$, provided that it is not achieved by any $\sigma\in\mathcal{H}_1$;